{"id":131,"date":"2020-09-20T19:28:57","date_gmt":"2020-09-20T16:28:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/?p=131"},"modified":"2021-02-21T00:14:48","modified_gmt":"2021-02-20T21:14:48","slug":"alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130lama Dayal\u0131 Alacak \u0130lams\u0131z Takip Konusu Yap\u0131lamaz"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulu Karar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Esas No: 2017\/2<\/strong><\/p>\n

Karar No: 2017\/3<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6ZET: <\/strong>\u0130lama dayal\u0131 bir alaca\u011f\u0131n ilams\u0131z takip konusu yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 hususundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

I. G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. \u0130\u00c7T\u0130HATLARI B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130RME KONUSUNDAK\u0130 BA\u015eVURULAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Avukat ****** ve Avukat ******** 08.10,2013 dilek\u00e7esi ile ilama dayal\u0131 para alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tahsili i\u00e7in ilams\u0131z takip yolu ile takibe ge\u00e7ilip ge\u00e7ilemeyece\u011fi konusunda Hukuk Genel Kurulu ile Daireler aras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi yolu ile giderilmesini istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

B. YARGITAY B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 BA\u015eKANLIK KURULUNUN KARARI VE \u0130\u00c7T\u0130HADI B\u0130RLE\u015eT\u0130RMEN\u0130N KONUSU<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Kurulunun 06.11.2014 g\u00fcn ve 183 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla “ilamlar\u0131n ilams\u0131z icra takibine konu edilip edilemeyece\u011fi\u201d konusunda Hukuk Genel Kurulu ile Daireler aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulundu\u011fu ve farkl\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sonucuna var\u0131larak, bu ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n. Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi yoluyla giderilmesine ve toplant\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc daha sonra belirlenmek \u00fczere raport\u00f6r \u00fcye olarak 19. Hukuk Dairesi \u00fcyesi K3’in atanmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

C. G\u00d6R\u00dc\u015e AYKIRILI\u011eININ G\u0130DER\u0130LMES\u0130 \u0130STEM\u0130NE KONU KARARLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130stem sahibinin dilek\u00e7esinde sundu\u011fu kararlar: Hukuk Genel Kurulunun 15.12.2004 g\u00fcn ve 2004\/13-722 E.-2004\/707 K. ve 16.02.2005 g\u00fcn ve 2005\/12-57 E.-2005\/72 K.; D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Hukuk Dairesinin 08.06.1990 g\u00fcn ve 1989\/10029 E.-1990\/4992 K; Onikinci Hukuk Dairesi 25.10.2005 g\u00fcn ve 2005\/16562-20786 E.K., 10.06.2013 g\u00fcn ve 2013\/10325-21720 E.K., 27.05.2013 g\u00fcn ve 2013\/9819-19458 E.K.. 23.05.2000 g\u00fcn ve 2000\/7926-8433 E.K., On\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Hukuk Dairesi 22.10.1990 g\u00fcn ve 1990\/1571-6573 E K. ve 28.03.2003 g\u00fcn ve 2002\/12176 E.-2003\/3621 K, say\u0131l\u0131 kararlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmada Sekizinci Hukuk Dairesinin de bu y\u00f6nde kararlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D. G\u00d6R\u00dc\u015e AYKIRILI\u011eININ G\u0130DER\u0130LMES\u0130 \u0130STEM\u0130NE KONU KARARLARDA BEL\u0130RT\u0130LEN G\u00d6R\u00dc\u015eLER\u0130N \u00d6ZETLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u0130lama Ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f Para Alacaklar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Genel Haciz Yolu ile \u0130lams\u0131z Takip Yap\u0131labilece\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin Karar Veren Hukuk Genel Kurulu ile Dairelerin G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u00d6zetleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hukuk Genel Kurulu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Hukuk Dairesi, Dokuzuncu Hukuk Dairesi ve On\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Hukuk Dairesi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle para alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n cebri icra yolu ile tahsilinde alacakl\u0131n\u0131n elinde herhangi bir belge bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, elinde ilam veya niteli\u011finde bir belge bulunan alacakl\u0131n\u0131n ilams\u0131z icra takibi yapmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen yasal bir d\u00fczenlemenin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131; alacakl\u0131n\u0131n kendisi i\u00e7in daha avantajl\u0131 olan “ilaml\u0131 takip” yapmak yerine avantajl\u0131 olmayan “ilams\u0131z takip” yoluna ba\u015fvurmas\u0131n\u0131n salt icra inkar tazminat\u0131 alabilmek amac\u0131yla bu yola gitti\u011finin kabul\u00fcne hukuken olanak bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6te yandan borca haks\u0131z \u015fekilde itiraz etti\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z olan bor\u00e7lunun da talep halinde inkar tazminat\u0131na mahkum edilece\u011fini bilebilecek durumda bulundu\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu vurgulanarak ilama ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f para alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in ilams\u0131z takip yap\u0131labilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2. \u0130lama Ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f Para Alacaklar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Genel Haciz Yolu ile \u0130lams\u0131z Takip Yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Karar Veren Dairelerin G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u00d6zetleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sekizinci Hukuk Dairesi ve Onikinci Hukuk Dairesi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu’nun 24, 25, 26, 30 ve 32 nci maddelerinin bir arada yorumlanmas\u0131ndan takip talebi ekinde ilam sunulmas\u0131 halinde icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn “icra emri” \u00e7\u0131kartmak zorunda oldu\u011fu ve \u00f6deme emri \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yasaya uygun d\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi; aksinin kabul\u00fc halinde bor\u00e7lunun tehir-i icra (\u0130\u0130K.m.36) imkan\u0131ndan yararlanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n elinden al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 ve takibin devam\u0131n\u0131n engellenebilmesi i\u00e7in elde kalan tek yol olan “itiraz” yolunun kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde de tazminat sorumlulu\u011funun (\u0130\u0130K.m.67, 68) do\u011faca\u011f\u0131, bu hususun da Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu’nun 29\/1 inci maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtilerek ilama ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f para alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in ilams\u0131z takip yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

II. \u00d6NSORUN VE \u00d6NSORUN SONUCU<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. \u00d6NSORUN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda esasa ge\u00e7ilmeden \u00f6nce:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2012 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde Onikinci Hukuk Dairesinin elinde para alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tahsiline ili\u015fkin ilam bulunan alacakl\u0131n\u0131n ilams\u0131z takip yapabilece\u011fine dair kararlar verirken, bu tarihten sonra g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi ancak Hukuk Genel Kurulunun ve On\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Hukuk Dairesinin bu tarihten sonra verilmi\u015f aksine bir karar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hukuk Genel Kurulunun \u00e7eli\u015fkili oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen (15.12.2004 g\u00fcn ve 2004\/13-722 E.-2004\/707 K. say\u0131l\u0131) karar\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l konusunun “ilamlar\u0131n genel haciz yolu ile ilams\u0131z takibe konu edilip edilmeyece\u011fi” noktas\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, sadece gerek\u00e7enin a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir de\u011finmeden ibaret kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve an\u0131lan karar\u0131n bu konuyla ilgili oldu\u011funun kabul edilemeyece\u011fi,<\/p>\n

– Hukuk Genci Kurulunun \u00e7eli\u015fkili oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen karar\u0131n\u0131n mahkemece verilmi\u015f bir ilama (HMK.m.301\/2) de\u011fil, hakem karar\u0131na ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu ve Hukuk Genel Kurulunca bu karar\u0131n “ilam” niteli\u011finde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n benimsendi\u011fi; uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n esas\u0131n\u0131n ise k\u00f6t\u00fcniyet tazminat\u0131n\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131nda topland\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu haliyle ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen Hukuk Genel Kurulu karar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte tarihsel \u00f6ncelik ve konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yeni olu\u015fan Daire kararlar\u0131nda benimsenen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ile ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7ermedi\u011fi ve Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun 16 nc\u0131 maddesinin 5 inci bendindeki d\u00fczenleme kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda i\u00e7tihad\u0131 birle\u015ftinne g\u00f6revinin Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulunda de\u011fil Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Hukuk Genel Kumlunda oldu\u011fu, nitekim ayn\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 15 inci maddesinin 2 nci bendinin (b) alt bendinde bu y\u00f6nde a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcm bulundu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek \u00f6nsonrn g\u00fcndeme getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

B. \u00d6NSORUN \u0130NCELEMES\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6nsoruna ili\u015fkin olarak yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmede i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesine ili\u015fkin incelemenin hangi Kurul taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 hususu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f:<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay Kanunu’nun “Yarg\u0131tay B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulunun G\u00f6revleri” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 16 nc\u0131 maddesinin 5 inci bendi ile “Hukuk ve Ceza Genel Kurullar\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6revleri” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 15 inci maddesinin 2 nci bendinin bir arada ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 ile Hukuk Genel Kurulunun 15.12.2004 g\u00fcn ve 2004\/13-722 E.-2004\/707 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n, Yarg\u0131tay Dairelerinin kararlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fki oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fcne olanak bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015f ve i\u00e7tihad\u0131 birle\u015ftirme evrak\u0131n\u0131n, talebi incelemekle g\u00f6revli Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Hukuk Genel Kuruluna g\u00f6nderilmek \u00fczere Y\u00fcksek Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tevdiine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

C. \u00d6NSORUN SONUCU<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 birle\u015ftirme evrak\u0131 Birinci Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Hukuk Genel Kuruluna g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme g\u00fcn\u00fc belirlenerek toplant\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

III.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 GEREK\u00c7E<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. GENEL OLARAK<\/strong><\/p>\n

Para alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n tahsili i\u00e7in kabul edilen haciz yolu ile takip, takibin dayana\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re \u201cilaml\u0131 takip” ve “ilams\u0131z takip” olmak \u00fczere iki kategoriye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Haciz yolu ile ilams\u0131z takibin t\u00fcrleri ise “genel haciz yolu ile ilams\u0131z takip” ve “kambiyo senetlerine \u00f6zg\u00fc hac\u0131z yolu ile ilams\u0131z takip”tir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lama ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f alacaklar\u0131n ilams\u0131z takibe konu edilip edilemeyece\u011fi hususu teorik temeller ve uygulamada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sorunlar g\u00f6zetilerek de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n

B. TEOR\u0130K TEMELLER BAKIMINDAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce belirtmek gerekir ki \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu’nun d\u00fczenlemesi ilamlar\u0131n ancak ilaml\u0131 takibe konu edilebilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

1-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Takip Talebi ve \u0130cra Emri D\u00fczenlenmesi Safhas\u0131<\/p>\n

Genel haciz yolu ile ilams\u0131z takip i\u00e7in alacakl\u0131n\u0131n elinde herhangi bir belge bulunmas\u0131na gerek yoktur. Bu takip yolunda alacakl\u0131 icra dairesine hitaben bir takip talepnamesi (\u0130\u0130K.m.58) d\u00fczenleyerek verir. Takip talepnamesine ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 d\u00fczenleme \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin 20 nci maddesinde yer almaktad\u0131r. Takip talebi \u00f6rme\u011fi de “\u00d6rnek I” olarak Y\u00f6netmelik ekinde form halinde g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Hemen belirtmek gerekir ki, takip talebi icra dosyas\u0131n\u0131n ilk tutana\u011f\u0131d\u0131r ve takip yolu ne olursa olsun ayn\u0131 talepname d\u00fczenlenir; farkl\u0131 takip yollar\u0131 i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 \u00f6deme ya da icra emirleri bulunsa da farkl\u0131 bir takip talebi t\u00fcr\u00fc yoktur.<\/p>\n

Alacakl\u0131 takip talepnamesinde yer alan “(9) Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n takip yollar\u0131ndan hangisini se\u00e7ti\u011fi” k\u0131s\u0131nma ancak takip dayana\u011f\u0131 belgeye ya da se\u00e7ece\u011fi takip yoluna uygun bi\u00e7imde “haciz”, “iflas” ya da “rehnin\/ipote\u011fin paraya \u00e7evrilmesi” yazabilir. Alacakl\u0131ya giri\u015fece\u011fi takip yolu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 verilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Takip talebini alan icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc de talepname i\u00e7eri\u011fine, dayana\u011f\u0131na ve yasaya uygun bi\u00e7imde yapaca\u011f\u0131 bir de\u011ferlendirme \u00fczerine bir \u00f6deme ya da icra emri d\u00fczenler. Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n yasaya ve dayanak belgelere ayk\u0131r\u0131 bi\u00e7imde belirledi\u011fi takip yolu icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7in ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Nitekim \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu’nun “Hamlar\u0131n \u0130cras\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ikinci bab\u0131n\u0131n “I- Para ve teminattan ba\u015fka bor\u00e7lar hakk\u0131nda ilamlar\u0131n icras\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer alan 24 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesi ile ayn\u0131 bab\u0131n “11- Para ve teminat verilmesi hakk\u0131ndaki ilamlar\u0131n icras\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer alan 32 nci maddesinin ilk c\u00fcmlesinde bir ilam\u0131n icra dairesine verilmesi \u00fczerine icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bor\u00e7luya bir “icra emri” tebli\u011f edece\u011fi \u00e2mir bir d\u00fczenleme olarak vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir di\u011fer ifade ile elinde ilam olan alacakl\u0131 genel haciz yolu ile ilams\u0131z takip yapmak arzusunda olsa bile icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn an\u0131lan yasal d\u00fczenleme \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ilaml\u0131 takibe ili\u015fkin i\u015flemleri ba\u015flatmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu bak\u0131mdan icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir takdir hakk\u0131 da bulunmamaktad\u0131r<\/p>\n

Bu haliyle elinde ilam olan bir alacakl\u0131n\u0131n bunu genel haciz yolu ile takibe koymas\u0131, cebri icraya ba\u015fvuru tekni\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

2-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hukuki Yarar<\/p>\n

Hukuki yarar kavram\u0131 kanunlarda ve \u00f6\u011fretide tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu sadece bir dava \u015fart\u0131 (HMK.m. 114\/h) de\u011fil medeni usul ve icra ve iflas hukuku ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, hukuken talep hakk\u0131n\u0131n ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebildi\u011fi her alanda aranan bir \u015fartt\u0131r. Hukuki yarar talep sahibinin devlet eliyle korunma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bu koruman\u0131n hukuki olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ifade eder. E\u011fer talep edilen s\u00fcbjektif hak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tercih edilen talep usul\u00fc gereksiz, masrafl\u0131, fazla emek ve zaman gerektiren bir yolsa talep sahibinin hukuki yarar\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilir. Daha kolay, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve ucuz bir yol varsa hak sahibinin di\u011fer yolu se\u00e7mekte hukuki yarar\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Hukuki yarar\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir talep tarz\u0131, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck ilkesi (TMK.m.2) ile de \u00e7eli\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n

Elinde ilam bulunan alacakl\u0131 i\u00e7in getirilen d\u00fczenlemeler onu takip yapmaktan al\u0131koymamakta; aksine daha kolay, \u00e7abuk ve ucuz yolla alaca\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015fturan \u00f6zel bir yol sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Bu haliyle alaca\u011f\u0131 ilama ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f alacakl\u0131n\u0131n itiraza t\u00e2bi, uzayabilecek bir usul\u00fcn takip edilmesi gereken ve daha masrafl\u0131 olabilecek genel haciz yolu ile ilams\u0131z takip yolunu se\u00e7mekte hukuki yarar\u0131 yoktur (Aslan, Kudret\/Akyol Aslan, Leyla: \u0130lama Ba\u011fl\u0131 Para Alaca\u011f\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in \u0130lams\u0131z \u0130cra Takibi Yap\u0131lmas\u0131, D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck Kural\u0131na ve Hayat\u0131n Ola\u011fan Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na Ayk\u0131r\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r?”. Prof. Dr. Ramazan Arslan’a Arma\u011fan, C.l, Ankara 2015, s.206).<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan hi\u00e7bir belgeye dayal\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n icra takibine giri\u015fmek yerine alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na ald\u0131rmak yolunu se\u00e7en alacakl\u0131n\u0131n, bu se\u00e7imini takip a\u015famas\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirip ilama ba\u011fl\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilams\u0131z takibe koymas\u0131 da hakl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclemez.<\/p>\n

3-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yarg\u0131lama Usul\u00fc A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klanaca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere elinde ilam bulunan alacakl\u0131n\u0131n genel haciz yolu ile ilams\u0131z takip yapmas\u0131 halinde bor\u00e7lunun tehir-i icra (\u0130\u0130K.m.36) yoluna ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 imkan\u0131 elinden al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Bor\u00e7lunun (bor\u00e7lu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u00f6demeyi kanun yolu denetiminin sonucuna b\u0131rakmay\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu borcu) \u00f6demeyi geciktirmek amac\u0131yla ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fi tek yol icra takibine itiraz olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Genel haciz yolu ile takipte \u00f6deme enirine itiraz eden bor\u00e7lu aleyhindeki takibini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek isteyen alacakl\u0131n\u0131n yapmas\u0131 gereken i\u015f, itiraz\u0131n iptaline (\u0130\u0130K.m.67) ya da kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na (\u0130\u0130K.m.68) dair karar almakt\u0131r. Bu noktada ortaya usul hukukuna ili\u015fkin \u00f6nemli bir sorun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u0130lama ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f bir alaca\u011f\u0131n (icra mahkemesince itiraz\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talebi \u00fczerine ya da mahkemelerce itiraz\u0131n iptali davas\u0131 sonunda) tekrar ilama ba\u011flanmas\u0131 medeni usul hukuku ilkelerine uygun de\u011fildir. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce ilama ba\u011fl\u0131 bir alaca\u011f\u0131n tekrar ilama ba\u011flanmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar yoktur.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan alaca\u011f\u0131 ilama ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f alacakl\u0131n\u0131n genel haciz yolu ile ilams\u0131z takip yapmas\u0131 \u00fczerine g\u00f6nderilecek \u00f6deme emrine itiraz etmeyen bor\u00e7lunun da menfi tespit davas\u0131 a\u00e7arak veznedeki paran\u0131n alacakl\u0131ya \u00f6denmemesi i\u00e7in teminat kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tedbir almak zorunda kalmas\u0131na imkan tan\u0131nmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat bu noktada icran\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bor\u00e7luya sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hukuki g\u00fcvenlik ortadan kalkmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Vurgulamak gerekir ki, b\u00f6yle bir ihtimalde alaca\u011f\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 dava hen\u00fcz kesinle\u015fmemi\u015fse “derdestlik” (HMK.m. 114\/\u0131) ve kesinle\u015fmi\u015fse “kesin h\u00fck\u00fcm itiraz\u0131” (HMK.m. 114\/i) mevcuttur ve bu dava \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n mevcudiyeti nedeniyle itiraz\u0131n iptali ve menfi tespit davalar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclemez.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer taraftan itiraz\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na esas belgelerin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu’nun 68 inci maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da ilam ve ilam niteli\u011finde say\u0131lan belgelere yer verilmemi\u015ftir. Kanunkoyucunun bu tutumu ilama dayal\u0131 olarak ilams\u0131z icra yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 konusundaki iradesini g\u00f6stermektedir (Aslan\/Akyol Aslan, s.207).<\/p>\n

B\u00f6yle bir yolun tercih edilmesi mahkemeleri de gereksiz yere ve m\u00fckerrer bi\u00e7imde i\u015fgal etmektedir.<\/p>\n

4-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Menfaatler Dengesi Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan<\/p>\n

Genel haciz yolu ile ilams\u0131z takipte \u00f6deme emrini tebli\u011f alan bor\u00e7lu yedi g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde itiraz ederek takibi durdurabilir (\u0130\u0130K.m.62). Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n takibine devam edebilmesi i\u00e7in bu itiraz\u0131 (itiraz\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da itiraz\u0131n iptali davalar\u0131ndan biri ile, \u0130\u0130K.m.67,68) h\u00fck\u00fcmden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrtmesi gerekir. Genel haciz yolu ile ilams\u0131z takip \u00f6deme emrine itiraz edilmemesi, e\u011fer edilmi\u015fse bu itiraz\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi suretiyle kesinle\u015fir. Alacakl\u0131 ancak bu \u015fekilde haciz isteme yetkisini elde edebilir.<\/p>\n

Oysa ilaml\u0131 takiplerde ‘takibin kesinle\u015fmesi’ kavram\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r; bor\u00e7lunun itiraz\u0131 ile takip durmayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, kural olarak alaca\u011f\u0131n h\u00fckme ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n istinaf ya da temyiz edilmesi de icray\u0131 engellemez. Alacakl\u0131 \u00f6deme s\u00fcresinin ge\u00e7mesinden sonra haciz isteme yetkisini elde eder ve takibi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilir. \u0130laml\u0131 bir takipte bor\u00e7lunun haczi \u00f6nlemesinin tek yolu, dava dosyas\u0131n\u0131n istinaf veya temyiz a\u015famas\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu’nun 36 nc\u0131 maddesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde icran\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 (tehir-i icra) karar\u0131 almakt\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in de icra mahkemesince kabul edilebilecek bir teminat g\u00f6stermesi ve bu y\u00f6nde B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi ya da Yarg\u0131tay’dan karar getirmesi gerekir. \u0130cran\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 bor\u00e7luyu haciz bask\u0131s\u0131ndan korudu\u011fu kadar alacakl\u0131y\u0131 da alaca\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015fmak noktas\u0131nda korumaktad\u0131r. Karar hakk\u0131ndaki istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun reddedilmesi ya da Yarg\u0131tay’ca onanmas\u0131 halinde alacakl\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bor\u00e7lu taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6sterilen teminattan tahsil edebilmekte; haciz, k\u0131ymet takdiri, sat\u0131\u015f gibi i\u015flemleri yapmaktan ve bu ba\u011flamda istihkak iddias\u0131 gibi takibi geciktiren ve masraf gerektiren i\u015flerden kurtulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere alaca\u011f\u0131 ilama ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan alacakl\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gerek takip ve gerek tahsilat kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tercih edilmesi gereken yol ”ilaml\u0131 icra” yoludur. Bu yol bor\u00e7luyu da haks\u0131z bir \u00f6deme tehlikesi alt\u0131na sokmayarak menfaatleri etkin bi\u00e7imde dengelemektedir.<\/p>\n

C. UYGULAMA SORUNLARI BAKIMINDAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uygulamada alaca\u011f\u0131 ilama ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan alacakl\u0131n\u0131n genel haciz yolu ile ilams\u0131z takibe tevess\u00fcl etti\u011fi s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu durum kanunun \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc menfaatler dengesini bozmakta ve \u00f6zellikle bor\u00e7lunun hukuki durumunu zay\u0131flatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bor\u00e7lu, aleyhine verilmi\u015f mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n hukuka uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve istinaf ya da temyiz incelemesi sonucunda bu karar\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131larak hakk\u0131n\u0131n teslim edilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek, ilam konusu borcu daha sonra \u00f6demek iste\u011finde olabilir. Borcun derhal \u00f6denmesi ve akabinde mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 halinde, bu kez haks\u0131z \u00f6demenin alacakl\u0131dan geri al\u0131nmas\u0131 ilave masraf, emek ve zaman gerektirebilecektir. \u0130cran\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 usul\u00fc bor\u00e7luyu bu endi\u015felerden kurtarmaktad\u0131r. Alaca\u011f\u0131 ilama ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f alacakl\u0131n\u0131n genel haciz yolu ile ilams\u0131z takip yapmas\u0131 durumunda her \u015feyden \u00f6nce bor\u00e7lunun takibi durdurabilmek ve haciz bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ebilmek i\u00e7in \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu’nun 36 nc\u0131 maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen “icran\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131” yoluna ba\u015fvurmak imkan\u0131 elinden al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130laml\u0131 takip bak\u0131m\u0131ndan icran\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle dava sonuna kadar borcu \u00f6demeyi ertelemek ve haciz bask\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtulmak isteyen bor\u00e7lu i\u00e7in ilams\u0131z takip bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurulabilecek tek yol, \u00f6deme emrine itirazd\u0131r. Bunun teorik sak\u0131ncas\u0131 yukar\u0131da 111, B, 3. “Yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6deme emrine itiraz\u0131n pratik sak\u0131ncalar\u0131 bor\u00e7lunun icran\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 (tehir-i icra) imkan\u0131ndan yararlanamamas\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131lacak itiraz\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya itiraz\u0131n iptali davalar\u0131 sonucunda h\u00fckme ba\u011flanacak icra inkar tazminat\u0131n\u0131n haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktalar\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce bor\u00e7lunun zaten bir mahkeme karar\u0131 ile bor\u00e7lulu\u011funun sabit oldu\u011fu ve aleyhindeki takibe itiraz etmemesi gerekti\u011fi fikri ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. Bu durumda bor\u00e7lu borcu \u00f6demek zorunda kalacak ve haciz gibi icrai i\u015flemlere muhatap olacak, hunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ilave icra giderleri ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc hale gelecektir. Di\u011fer taraftan mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n hatal\u0131 oldu\u011fu, asl\u0131nda bor\u00e7lu g\u00f6r\u00fcnen kimsenin hi\u00e7 ya da g\u00f6sterilen tutarda bor\u00e7lu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 istinaf veya temyiz incelemesi \u00fczerine anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa bu kez hem bor\u00e7lu i\u00e7in \u00f6dedi\u011fi mebla\u011f\u0131 geri alma \u00e7abas\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelecek hem de icra organ\u0131 bu kez haks\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kan alacakl\u0131dan para tahsili ile me\u015fgul olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci sorun s\u0131rf alaca\u011f\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar\u0131n \u015fekli anlamda kesinle\u015fmesi s\u00fcrecinde haciz bask\u0131s\u0131ndan korunmak ve olas\u0131 \u00f6demenin geri al\u0131nmas\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckten kurtulmak isteyen bor\u00e7lunun itiraz\u0131 nedeniyle (itiraz\u0131n iptali veya kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 sonunda) y\u00fczde yirmi oran\u0131nda icra inkar tazminat\u0131 ile sorumlu tutulmas\u0131n\u0131n (\u0130\u0130K.m. 67-68) yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 haks\u0131zl\u0131k duygusudur. Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n bu y\u00f6ntemi se\u00e7mesinin hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131 (TMK.m.2) kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu’nun 29 uncu maddesi hukuk yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 usul\u00fcnde de d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131n\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; bu ilkenin icra ve iflas hukukunda da cari oldu\u011fu her t\u00fcrl\u00fc teredd\u00fctten uzakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hukuk Medeniyeti<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131klanan t\u00fcm bu olgular kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ilamlar\u0131n genel haciz yolu ile ilams\u0131z takibe konu edilmesinin icra hukukuna ve yarg\u0131lama tekni\u011fine uygun d\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi, bu yola ba\u015fvurmakta alacakl\u0131n\u0131n hukuki yarar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bor\u00e7lunun hukuki durumunun a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve taraflar aras\u0131ndaki menfaatler dengesinin bozuldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n “ilama dayal\u0131 bir alaca\u011f\u0131n ilams\u0131z takip konusu yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131” y\u00f6n\u00fcnde birle\u015ftirilmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

IV. SONU\u00c7<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lama dayal\u0131 bir alaca\u011f\u0131n ilams\u0131z takip konusu yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131na 26.05.2017 g\u00fcnl\u00fc oturumda oy \u00e7oklu\u011fu ile karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

KAR\u015eI OY<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesinin konusu ilamlar\u0131n ilams\u0131z icra takibine konu edilip edilemeyece\u011fi noktas\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Haciz yolu ile takipler “ilaml\u0131” ve “ilams\u0131z” olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Alacakl\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir mahkeme karar\u0131 ile h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na ald\u0131rabilece\u011fi gibi do\u011frudan do\u011fruya icra takibi konusu da edebilir. Genel hac\u0131z yolu ile ilams\u0131z takibe ba\u015fvuracak alacakl\u0131n\u0131n, elinde alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir belgenin bulunmas\u0131na da gerek bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce belirtmek gerekir ki icra hukuku \u015fekli bir hukuk dal\u0131 olup, yoruma elveri\u015flilik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zeli hukukun di\u011fer alanlar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r, hatta icra hukukunun \u00f6zel hukukun bir alt dal\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin bask\u0131n oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu haliyle icra hukukunda ilkeler net bi\u00e7imde belirlenmi\u015ftir ve ilamlar\u0131n ilams\u0131z takibe konu edilemeyece\u011fine dair bir yasak h\u00fckm\u00fc bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilama ba\u011flatm\u0131\u015f alacakl\u0131 bu alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilamlar\u0131n icras\u0131 suretiyle tahsil edebilece\u011fi gibi ilams\u0131z icra konusu da edebilir. Nitekim Hukuk Genel Kurulu’nun 15.12.2004 g\u00fcn ve 2004\/13-722 E.-2004\/707 K. Say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da ilam ve ilam niteli\u011findeki belgelerin ilams\u0131z takibe konu edilebilece\u011fi hususu net bi\u00e7imde vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Esasen bu tercih hak arama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczenleyen T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n 36 nc\u0131 maddesine de uygundur.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer taraftan T\u00fcrk takip hukuku bak\u0131m\u0131ndan genel kural (ki\u015filer hukuku, aile hukuku ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal ile ilgili ayni haklara ili\u015fkin kararlar hari\u00e7, HMK.m.350\/2, 367\/2) ilamlar\u0131n infaz\u0131 i\u00e7in kesinle\u015fmesine gerek olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir di\u011fer s\u00f6yleyi\u015fle para alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tahsiline ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin infaz\u0131 i\u00e7in kesinle\u015fmeye gerek bulunmamaktad\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn aksine, aleyhine h\u00fck\u00fcm tesis edilen bor\u00e7lunun, bu borcunu \u00f6dememek iste\u011finde olmas\u0131 hukuken korunacak bir olgu de\u011fildir. Bu ba\u011flamda bor\u00e7lunun icran\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 (\u0130\u0130K.m.36) yoluna gidememesi de tek ba\u015f\u0131na i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n bu y\u00f6nde birle\u015ftirilmesine gerek\u00e7e olamaz. Zira teminat yat\u0131racak g\u00fc\u00e7te olan bor\u00e7lu \u00e7ekince (ihtirazi kay\u0131t) ile borcu icra dosyas\u0131na \u00f6deyebilir.<\/p>\n

Son olarak elinde derhal infaz\u0131 kabil bir ilam olan alacakl\u0131n\u0131n ilams\u0131z takip yapmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, borcu \u00f6dememek niyetiyle itiraz eden bor\u00e7lu elbette icra inkar tazminat\u0131ndan sorumlu olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu halde bor\u00e7lu, infaz\u0131 i\u00e7in kesinle\u015fmesi zorunlu bulunmayan bir ilam ile bor\u00e7lu k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmekte ve bu bilme durumuna ra\u011fmen borcu \u00f6demekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in yasan\u0131n kendisine tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 fakat hakk\u0131 olmayan bir hukuki m\u00fcesseseden yararlanmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcn birinde istinaf ya da temyiz incelemesi sonucunda bor\u00e7lunun hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ihtimali zaten kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve menfaatler dengesi (ilam\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesine gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyerek) alacakl\u0131dan yana kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u00dcstelik bor\u00e7lunun bu kayg\u0131s\u0131 hukuki olmay\u0131p tamamen ekonomiktir.<\/p>\n

\u0130stinaf ya da temyiz sonucunda mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n hatal\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve bor\u00e7lunun asl\u0131nda bor\u00e7lu bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ihtimalinin tahakkuk etmesi halinde, bor\u00e7lu taraf\u0131ndan takip a\u015famas\u0131nda \u00f6denen tutar\u0131n iadesindeki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck, yani \u00f6denen paray\u0131 geri alacak icra dairesinin (\u0130\u0130K.m.361) olas\u0131 yetersizli\u011fi de kanunun yasaklamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir usul\u00fcn i\u00e7tihatla yasaklanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli gerek\u00e7e olamaz.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle para alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 konu alan ilamlar\u0131n ilams\u0131z icra takibine konu edilebilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun aksi y\u00f6ndeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lam\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

KAR\u015eI OY<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lama dayanan bir alaca\u011f\u0131n ilams\u0131z icra takibine konu edilemeyece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131m nedenlerle kat\u0131lm\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere takip hukukumuz ilaml\u0131 ve ilams\u0131z icra olmak \u00fczere iki ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Yine ilams\u0131z icra da kendi i\u00e7inde \u00fc\u00e7 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. (Genel hacizyolu-kambiyo senetlerine mahsus haciz yolu-kiralanan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n ilams\u0131z icra yolu ile tahliyesi)<\/p>\n

Genel haciz yolu, rehinle temin edilmemi\u015f olan ve bir kambiyo senedine de dayanmayan, b\u00fct\u00fcn para ve teminat alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurulabilen bir ilams\u0131z icra yoludur. Bu takip yolu i\u00e7in alaca\u011f\u0131n herhangi bir belge veya senede ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Para ve teminat alaca\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki alacaklar i\u00e7in ilams\u0131z icra yolu kapal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu gibi alacaklar i\u00e7in ancak (\u0130\u0130K.24-41. maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olan) ilaml\u0131 icraya ba\u015fvurulabilir, ilaml\u0131 icra ile ilams\u0131z icrada farkl\u0131l\u0131k arzeden \u00f6nemli baz\u0131 hususlara k\u0131saca de\u011finmek gerekirse;<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130laml\u0131 icrada, alacakl\u0131 yetki itiraz\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaz. (\u0130lam\u0131 diledi\u011fi icra dairesinde takibe koyabilir.)<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ilams\u0131z icrada, icra m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00f6deme emrine yap\u0131lacak itiraz \u00fczerine tak\u0131p kendili\u011finden durur. Takibin devam\u0131n\u0131 isteyen alacakl\u0131n\u0131n, genel mahkemede itiraz\u0131n iptali ya da takibin dayana\u011f\u0131 \u0130\u0130K:68, 68\/a maddelerinde say\u0131lan belgelerden ise icra mahkemesinden itiraz\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talebinde bulunabilecektir.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130laml\u0131 icrada. Genel haciz yolundaki gibi \u00f6deme emrine itiraz m\u00fcessesesi yoktur.( Bor\u00e7lu icra emrine kar\u015f\u0131 yaln\u0131zca borcun \u00f6dendi\u011fini, ertelendi\u011fini veya ilam\u0131n zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrerek, icra mahkemesinden icran\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir).<\/p>\n

-\u0130lama ba\u011fl\u0131 alacak i\u00e7in \u0130laml\u0131 takip yapan alacakl\u0131dan teminat al\u0131nmaz. (HMK.85\/\u00e7)…vb gibi<\/p>\n

Bu k\u0131sa a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan sonra.<\/p>\n

Para veya teminat alaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in elinde ilam veya ilam niteli\u011finde belge bulunan alacakl\u0131, ilaml\u0131 takibe gitmeden ilams\u0131z, yani genel haciz yolu ile takibe gidebilir mi?<\/p>\n

Kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn genel olarak dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7eleri de g\u00f6zeterek;<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130lama dayal\u0131 olarak ilams\u0131z takibe gidilmesinin, \u0130\u0130K.32. maddesine g\u00f6re m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130\u0130K.32.maddesi, \u201cpara borcuna veya teminat verilmesine dair ilam icra dairesine verilince icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc bor\u00e7luya bir icra emri tebli\u011f eder \u201c h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

Buna g\u00f6re, icra dairesine ilamla ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 halinde, icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc belgenin ilam ya da ilam mahiyetinde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 resen inceleyecek, ilam ya da ilam mahiyetinde de\u011fil ise, ilaml\u0131 icraya mahsus icra emri \u00e7\u0131karamaz. \u00c7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 taktirde bor\u00e7lu isterse \u015fikayet yoluyla icra emrinin iptalini isteyebilir. \u0130cra edilebilir ilam oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda ise, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n takip talebindeki tercihine g\u00f6re takip yolunu belirleyip, buna g\u00f6re icra emri ya da \u00f6deme emri \u00e7\u0131karacakt\u0131r. Yasan\u0131n bu h\u00fckm\u00fc, alacakl\u0131 ya da bor\u00e7lunun bu \u015fekildeki tercihini yok sayacak bir d\u00fczenleme i\u00e7ermedi\u011finden, kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle de emredici de\u011fil, tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 niteliktedir. Takip hukukumuzda emredici mahiyette bir\u00e7ok h\u00fck\u00fcm mevcuttur. \u00d6rne\u011fin konuya ili\u015fkin olarak, \u0130\u0130K.45. maddesindeki d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re, rehinle temin edilmi\u015f olan alacak i\u00e7in (kural olarak) ilk \u00f6nce rehinin paraya \u00e7evrilmesi yolu ile takip yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur. Alacakl\u0131 ilaml\u0131 veya ilams\u0131z haciz yoluna veya genel iflas yoluna ba\u015fvuramaz. \u0130\u015fte bu madde emredici mahiyettedir. Yasa koyucu bu sonucu ama\u00e7lasayd\u0131 32. maddede veya ilaml\u0131 takibe ili\u015fkin di\u011fer h\u00fck\u00fcmlerde 45. maddeye benzer bir d\u00fczenlemeye gidebilirdi.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle belirtilen yasal durumun ilams\u0131z takip i\u00e7in bir engel olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130lams\u0131z takibe gidilmesi halinde, bor\u00e7lunun \u0130\u0130K.36. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olan “\u0130cran\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131” karar\u0131n\u0131 alarak takibi durdurmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kesinle\u015fmemi\u015f bir ilama dayan\u0131larak genel haciz yoluna gidilmesi halinde, h\u00fckme kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf yada temyiz yoluna ba\u015fvuran bor\u00e7lunun icran\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131 ve bu \u015fekilde takibi durdurmas\u0131nda da yasal bir engel bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m, \u00dcK.nun 36. maddesinin k\u0131yasen burada da uygulanabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. \u00d6\u011fretide de bu y\u00f6nde bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f mevcuttur (\u00f6rne\u011fin Prof. Baki Kuru). Ayr\u0131ca daha \u00f6nce de de\u011finildi\u011fi \u00fczere, genel haciz yolu ile takip yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, bor\u00e7lunun icra m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yapaca\u011f\u0131 itiraz, takibi kendili\u011finden durduraca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, ayr\u0131ca icran\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmayabilecektir<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle bor\u00e7lunun aleyhine bir durumun olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n bu yola gitmesindeki amac\u0131n, borca itiraz halinde a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 itiraz\u0131n iptali davas\u0131nda, inkar tazminat\u0131 talep etmek oldu\u011fu ifade edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n bu saikle hareket etmi\u015f olabilece\u011fini kabul etmek ve buna hukuki bir sonu\u00e7 atfetmenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca mahkeme ilam\u0131 ile sabit hale gelmi\u015f bir alaca\u011f\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen, itiraz eden bor\u00e7lunun da sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na katlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindeyim.<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n ilama dayal\u0131 olarak ilams\u0131z takip yapmas\u0131n\u0131n, \u201cD\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck Kural\u0131\u201d ile ba\u011fda\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u201cobjektif iyi niyet\u201d olarak da tan\u0131mlanan \u201cD\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck Kural\u0131” TMK.2.nci maddesinde ve 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 HMK.n\u0131n<\/p>\n

29.maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re: B\u00fct\u00fcn haklar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde hareket edilmesi gerekti\u011fi, ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 zararland\u0131rmak ya da g\u00fc\u00e7 duruma sokmak amac\u0131yla hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasan\u0131n korumayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir, \u00f6\u011fretide ve uygulamada kabul edildi\u011fi \u00fczere; Hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenirken, o ki\u015finin hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli ve hakl\u0131 bir yarar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 yarar ile ba\u015fkalar\u0131na verece\u011fi zarar aras\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 orans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n olmamas\u0131, bir kimsenin kendi ahlaka ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na dayanmamas\u0131\u00a0\u00a0 gibi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler esas al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lama dayal\u0131 olarak ilams\u0131z takip yapan alacakl\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden, genel bir varsay\u0131mla, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini kabul etmenin hukuki olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130lams\u0131z takip yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, bor\u00e7lunun tazminat tehdidi alt\u0131nda iddialar\u0131n\u0131 borca itiraz olarak ileri s\u00fcrmekte teredd\u00fct ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bor\u00e7lunun itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n hakl\u0131 olmas\u0131 durumunda, hangi takip yoluna gidilmi\u015f olursa olsun, aleyhine sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130lams\u0131z takibe gidilmesi durumunda, I\u0130K.40. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olan \u201c\u0130cran\u0131n iadesi \u201c yolunun bor\u00e7lu aleyhine kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, ilam\u0131n tamamen icra edilmesinden sonra, h\u00fck\u00fcm bozulur ve bor\u00e7lunun hi\u00e7 yada ilamdaki kadar borcu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilir ve bu karar kesinle\u015firse, bor\u00e7lunun \u00f6demi\u015f oldu\u011fu para zorla alacakl\u0131dan al\u0131narak bor\u00e7luya verilir. Bor\u00e7lu icran\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131 almam\u0131\u015fsa, takip ister ilaml\u0131 olsun ister ilams\u0131z olsun ayn\u0131 riskle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facakt\u0131r. \u0130lams\u0131z takipte ayr\u0131 bir dosya \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lacak takiple iade m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilecektir.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle bor\u00e7lu aleyhine bir durum yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmaz.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak; alacakl\u0131n\u0131n para ve teminat alaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin ilama dayal\u0131 olarak, ilams\u0131z takibe gitmesi, yasan\u0131n kendisine tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7im hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ibarettir. Bunu engelleyen herhangi bir yasa h\u00fckm\u00fc bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, hukuki dinlenilme hakk\u0131n\u0131n da gere\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

Takip hukukunda benzer durumlara ili\u015fkin birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse;<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alaca\u011f\u0131 \u0130\u0130K.68-68\/a maddelerindeki belgelerden birine ba\u011fl\u0131 olan alacakl\u0131n\u0131n, itiraz\u0131n iptali talebiyle genel mahkemede dava a\u00e7abilece\u011fi gibi, icra mahkemesinden itiraz\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talebinde de bulunabilece\u011fi,<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alaca\u011f\u0131 kambiyo senedine ba\u011fl\u0131 alacakl\u0131n\u0131n, kambiyo senetlerine mahsus haciz yolu ile takip yapabildi\u011fi gibi genel haciz yoluna da ba\u015fvurabildi\u011fi,<\/p>\n

-Yine 6183 say\u0131l\u0131 yasa h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re takip ve tahsili m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan bir alacak i\u00e7in genel haciz yolu ile takibe gidebildi\u011fi, gerek \u00f6\u011freti gerekse Yarg\u0131tay uygulamalar\u0131 ile sabittir.<\/p>\n

Arzedilen t\u00fcm bu nedenlerle; Para veya teminat alaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir ilama dayal\u0131 olarak, ilams\u0131z icra yoluna da ba\u015fvurulabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindeyim. Bu nedenlerle y\u00fcce \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ndeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lm\u0131yorum. 10\/07\/2017<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulu Karar\u0131 Esas No: 2017\/2 Karar No: 2017\/3 \u00d6ZET: \u0130lama dayal\u0131 bir alaca\u011f\u0131n ilams\u0131z takip konusu yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 hususundad\u0131r. I. G\u0130R\u0130\u015e A. [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ictihat"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130lama Dayal\u0131 Alacak \u0130lams\u0131z Takip Konusu Yap\u0131lamaz - Esmeray Hukuk B\u00fcrosu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"E\u011fer alacakl\u0131n\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131 bir mahkeme ilam\u0131na dayan\u0131yorsa, alaca\u011f\u0131n tahsili i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak icra takibinde ilams\u0131z icra takibi se\u00e7ilemez.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130lama Dayal\u0131 Alacak \u0130lams\u0131z Takip Konusu Yap\u0131lamaz - Esmeray Hukuk B\u00fcrosu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"E\u011fer alacakl\u0131n\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131 bir mahkeme ilam\u0131na dayan\u0131yorsa, alaca\u011f\u0131n tahsili i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak icra takibinde ilams\u0131z icra takibi se\u00e7ilemez.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Esmeray Hukuk B\u00fcrosu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/esmeraylaw\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-09-20T16:28:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-02-20T21:14:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"122\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"65\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fehmi Esmeray\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@EsmerayLaw\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@EsmerayLaw\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fehmi Esmeray\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"28 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fehmi Esmeray\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/99f6451f0a330c75209277c8c8e674f4\"},\"headline\":\"\u0130lama Dayal\u0131 Alacak \u0130lams\u0131z Takip Konusu Yap\u0131lamaz\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-09-20T16:28:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-02-20T21:14:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":5524,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Ictihat\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0130lama Dayal\u0131 Alacak \u0130lams\u0131z Takip Konusu Yap\u0131lamaz - Esmeray Hukuk B\u00fcrosu\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-09-20T16:28:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-02-20T21:14:48+00:00\",\"description\":\"E\u011fer alacakl\u0131n\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131 bir mahkeme ilam\u0131na dayan\u0131yorsa, alaca\u011f\u0131n tahsili i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak icra takibinde ilams\u0131z icra takibi se\u00e7ilemez.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Ana sayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0130lama Dayal\u0131 Alacak \u0130lams\u0131z Takip Konusu Yap\u0131lamaz\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Esmeray Hukuk B\u00fcrosu\",\"description\":\"Ticaret Hukuku Avukat\u0131\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Esmeray Hukuk B\u00fcrosu\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/09\\\/logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/09\\\/logo.jpg\",\"width\":122,\"height\":65,\"caption\":\"Esmeray Hukuk B\u00fcrosu\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/esmeraylaw\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/EsmerayLaw\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/esmerayhukukburosu\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/esmeraylaw\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/99f6451f0a330c75209277c8c8e674f4\",\"name\":\"Fehmi Esmeray\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1146e0f4e56c81d3812c7a51f07c3adc714b2b130ac895b2d8ab9a22d23e10a7?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1146e0f4e56c81d3812c7a51f07c3adc714b2b130ac895b2d8ab9a22d23e10a7?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1146e0f4e56c81d3812c7a51f07c3adc714b2b130ac895b2d8ab9a22d23e10a7?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Fehmi Esmeray\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/esmeraylaw.com\\\/tr\\\/author\\\/eslaw\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0130lama Dayal\u0131 Alacak \u0130lams\u0131z Takip Konusu Yap\u0131lamaz - Esmeray Hukuk B\u00fcrosu","description":"E\u011fer alacakl\u0131n\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131 bir mahkeme ilam\u0131na dayan\u0131yorsa, alaca\u011f\u0131n tahsili i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak icra takibinde ilams\u0131z icra takibi se\u00e7ilemez.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0130lama Dayal\u0131 Alacak \u0130lams\u0131z Takip Konusu Yap\u0131lamaz - Esmeray Hukuk B\u00fcrosu","og_description":"E\u011fer alacakl\u0131n\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131 bir mahkeme ilam\u0131na dayan\u0131yorsa, alaca\u011f\u0131n tahsili i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak icra takibinde ilams\u0131z icra takibi se\u00e7ilemez.","og_url":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\/","og_site_name":"Esmeray Hukuk B\u00fcrosu","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/esmeraylaw","article_published_time":"2020-09-20T16:28:57+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-02-20T21:14:48+00:00","og_image":[{"width":122,"height":65,"url":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Fehmi Esmeray","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@EsmerayLaw","twitter_site":"@EsmerayLaw","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":"Fehmi Esmeray","Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"28 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\/"},"author":{"name":"Fehmi Esmeray","@id":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/99f6451f0a330c75209277c8c8e674f4"},"headline":"\u0130lama Dayal\u0131 Alacak \u0130lams\u0131z Takip Konusu Yap\u0131lamaz","datePublished":"2020-09-20T16:28:57+00:00","dateModified":"2021-02-20T21:14:48+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\/"},"wordCount":5524,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Ictihat"],"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\/","url":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\/","name":"\u0130lama Dayal\u0131 Alacak \u0130lams\u0131z Takip Konusu Yap\u0131lamaz - Esmeray Hukuk B\u00fcrosu","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2020-09-20T16:28:57+00:00","dateModified":"2021-02-20T21:14:48+00:00","description":"E\u011fer alacakl\u0131n\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131 bir mahkeme ilam\u0131na dayan\u0131yorsa, alaca\u011f\u0131n tahsili i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak icra takibinde ilams\u0131z icra takibi se\u00e7ilemez.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/alacak-ilama-dayaniyorsa-ilamsiz-icra-takibi-yapilamaz\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Ana sayfa","item":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0130lama Dayal\u0131 Alacak \u0130lams\u0131z Takip Konusu Yap\u0131lamaz"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/","name":"Esmeray Hukuk B\u00fcrosu","description":"Ticaret Hukuku Avukat\u0131","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"tr"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/#organization","name":"Esmeray Hukuk B\u00fcrosu","url":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo.jpg","width":122,"height":65,"caption":"Esmeray Hukuk B\u00fcrosu"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/esmeraylaw","https:\/\/x.com\/EsmerayLaw","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/esmerayhukukburosu","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/esmeraylaw"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/99f6451f0a330c75209277c8c8e674f4","name":"Fehmi Esmeray","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1146e0f4e56c81d3812c7a51f07c3adc714b2b130ac895b2d8ab9a22d23e10a7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1146e0f4e56c81d3812c7a51f07c3adc714b2b130ac895b2d8ab9a22d23e10a7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1146e0f4e56c81d3812c7a51f07c3adc714b2b130ac895b2d8ab9a22d23e10a7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Fehmi Esmeray"},"url":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/author\/eslaw\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=131"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}