{"id":158,"date":"2020-10-23T01:20:20","date_gmt":"2020-10-22T22:20:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/?p=158"},"modified":"2021-02-21T00:10:25","modified_gmt":"2021-02-20T21:10:25","slug":"tanima-tenfiz-davalarinda-gorevli-mahkeme-asliye-hukuk-mahkemesidir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/tanima-tenfiz-davalarinda-gorevli-mahkeme-asliye-hukuk-mahkemesidir\/","title":{"rendered":"Tan\u0131ma ve Tenfiz Davalar\u0131nda G\u00f6revli Mahkeme Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesidir"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Hukuk Genel Kurulu Karar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Esas No: <\/strong>2017\/1924<\/strong><\/p>\n

Karar No: 2019\/1060<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6ZET: <\/strong>Tan\u0131ma ve tenfiz davalar\u0131nda g\u00f6revli mahkeme Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi olup, tan\u0131ma ve tenfizi istenen yabanc\u0131 mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131 veren mahkemenin hangi mahkeme oldu\u011fu g\u00f6revli mahkemenin Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi oldu\u011funa etki etmez.<\/p>\n

“\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni”<\/strong><\/p>\n

MAHKEMES\u0130<\/strong>: Sulh Hukuk Mahkemesi<\/p>\n

Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki “vesayet karar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131” davas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda Kayseri 3. Sulh Hukuk Mahkemesince davan\u0131n reddine dair verilen 05.07.2013 tarihli ve 2013\/895 E., 2013\/945 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n davac\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyizi \u00fczerine, Yarg\u0131tay (Kapat\u0131lan) 18. Hukuk Dairesinin 20.03.2014 tarihli ve 2013\/16914 E., 2014\/5145 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile:<\/p>\n

“…Davac\u0131 vekili dava dilek\u00e7esinde; m\u00fcvekkilinin babas\u0131n\u0131n M\u00fcnih (Almanya) Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan vesayet alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p kendisinin babas\u0131na vasi tayin edildi\u011fini ve babas\u0131n\u0131n menfaatine olan i\u015fleri T\u00fcrkiye’de yapabilmesi i\u00e7in vasi tayini karar\u0131n\u0131n mahkemece tan\u0131nmas\u0131na ve tenfizine karar verilmesini istemi\u015f, mahkemece konunun T\u00fcrk mahkemelerinin m\u00fcnhas\u0131r yetkisi kapsam\u0131na girdi\u011fi, T\u00fcrk mahkemelerinin m\u00fcnhas\u0131r yetkisine dahil bir konuda, yabanc\u0131 mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve tenfizine karar verilemeyece\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

2675 say\u0131l\u0131 M\u00d6HUK’nu y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131p, 12.12.2007 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 5718 say\u0131l\u0131 M\u00d6HUK’nun yabanc\u0131 mahkemece verilen ilamlar\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin 58.maddesi, yabanc\u0131 mahkeme il\u00e2m\u0131n\u0131n kesin delil veya kesin h\u00fck\u00fcm olarak kabul edilebilmesinin yabanc\u0131 il\u00e2m\u0131n tenfiz \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mahkemece tespitine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu, tan\u0131mada 54. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinin uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u0130htil\u00e2fs\u0131z kaza kararlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n da ayn\u0131 h\u00fckme t\u00e2bi bulundu\u011funu, yabanc\u0131 mahkeme il\u00e2m\u0131na dayan\u0131larak T\u00fcrkiye’de idar\u00ee bir i\u015flemin yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 usul\u00fcn uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 54\/b maddesi ise, yabanc\u0131 mahkeme ilam\u0131n\u0131n tenfizinde T\u00fcrk Mahkemelerinin m\u00fcnhas\u0131r yetkisine girmeyen bir konuda verilmesi \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 getirmi\u015f, 10\/1 ve 3. maddelerinde de ves\u00e2yet veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k karar\u0131 verilmesi veya sona erdirilmesi sebeplerinin, hakk\u0131nda ves\u00e2yet veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k karar\u0131 verilmesi veya sona erdirilmesi istenen ki\u015finin mill\u00ee hukukuna ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu, Ves\u00e2yet veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k karar\u0131 verilmesi veya sona erdirilmesi sebepleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k veya ves\u00e2yete ili\u015fkin hususlar\u0131n ve kayy\u0131ml\u0131\u011f\u0131n T\u00fcrk hukukuna t\u00e2bi bulundu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Burada vesayette uygulanacak hukuk y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ikili bir ay\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olup, Kanunda k\u0131s\u0131tlama karar\u0131 verilmesi ya da verilen k\u0131s\u0131tlama karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda, ilgilinin mill\u00ee hukuku yetkili hukuk olarak belirlenmesine kar\u015f\u0131n; k\u0131saca ves\u00e2yetin y\u00f6netimi olarak ifade edilebilecek olan k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fili\u011fi, bak\u0131m\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, e\u011fitimi, temsili, malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi, vasi ile vesayet ve denetim makam\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumluluklar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ise T\u00fcrk hukuku yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay uygulamalar\u0131nda; ves\u00e2yetin y\u00f6netimi ile ilgili kararlar\u0131n idari nitelikte kararlar oldu\u011fu kazai nitelik ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu nedenle temyiz edilemeyece\u011fi kabul edilmektedir. 5718 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 50. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, yabanc\u0131 mahkemelerce verilen ve kesinle\u015fen ilamlar tenfiz ya da tan\u0131maya konu olabilece\u011finden, ves\u00e2yetin y\u00f6netimi hakk\u0131ndaki kararlar\u0131n belirtilen nitelikleri itibariyle (il\u00e2m vasf\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131klar\u0131ndan) tan\u0131nmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Esasen Hukuk Genel Kurulunca k\u0131s\u0131tlama kararlar\u0131n\u0131n (vasi atanmas\u0131 kararlar\u0131) tan\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131 kabul edilirken, a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7ede ves\u00e2yetin y\u00f6netimi hakk\u0131ndaki kararlar nedeniyle do\u011fabilecek olas\u0131 sak\u0131ncalar\u0131n giderilmesinin ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Yasa koyucu da Hukuk Genel Kurulunun karar\u0131nda belirtilen muhtemel sak\u0131ncalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla 5718 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 10\/3. maddesinde T\u00fcrk hukukunu yetkili k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hukuk Genel Kurulu karar\u0131n\u0131n vesayete ili\u015fkin t\u00fcm alanlarda uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc halinde, yabanc\u0131 \u00fclke vatanda\u015f\u0131 olan ki\u015finin kendi \u00fclkesinde milli hukuku (5718 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun m.10\/1) uyar\u0131nca ve do\u011fal olarak vatanda\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu devletin mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan verilen k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k karar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de tan\u0131nmas\u0131na karar verilemeyecektir.<\/p>\n

Bu durumda yabanc\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de yeniden dava a\u00e7mas\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk mahkemelerinin de ilgilinin mill\u00ee hukukuna g\u00f6re karar vermesi gerekecektir. Bu uygulama ise yabanc\u0131 mahkemelerin, mensubu oldu\u011fu devletin vatanda\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yarg\u0131lama yapma ve karar verme yetkisine m\u00fcdahale niteli\u011findedir. 5718 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanundaki h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin amac\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yabanc\u0131 mahkemelere T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fi hallerine ili\u015fkin olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen kurallara g\u00f6re, yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131p karar verme yetkisinin bulundu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Yabanc\u0131 mahkemelere a\u00e7\u0131klanan konularda verilen yetki uyar\u0131nca, bunlar\u0131n ald\u0131klar\u0131 kararlar\u0131n tan\u0131nmamas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Zira, yabanc\u0131 mahkemece verilen ilamlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmamas\u0131 T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131na bir y\u00fck getirebilecek ve kendi mill\u00ee hukukundan istifadesi yabanc\u0131 hukuka g\u00f6re daha da zorla\u015facakt\u0131r. Yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 yabanc\u0131 mahkemece verilen ves\u00e2yet karar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmamas\u0131 halinde, ayn\u0131 davay\u0131 T\u00fcrk mahkemelerinde a\u00e7maya zorlama, 5718 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yasan\u0131n amac\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun 404 ila 410. maddeleri aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fck, ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya ak\u0131l zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, savurganl\u0131k, alkol veya uyu\u015fturucu madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fc ya\u015fama tarz\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netim, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 ceza, ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k, sakatl\u0131k, deneyimsizlik ile a\u011f\u0131r hastal\u0131k hallerinin k\u0131s\u0131tlama nedeni olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yap\u0131lacak yarg\u0131lama sonucunda belirlenece\u011finden, bu duruma d\u00fc\u015fen bir ki\u015finin mill\u00ee hukukunun uygulama alan\u0131 olan \u00fclkesine getirilmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin 6. maddesinde yer alan adil yarg\u0131lanma ve hukuki dinlenilme hakk\u0131n\u0131 ciddi bi\u00e7imde engelleyecek bir uygulamad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca 5718 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasada da ves\u00e2yet ile ilgili \u00f6zel ve ayr\u0131k bir h\u00fck\u00fcm zaten yer almamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcnhas\u0131r (kesin) yetki kurallar\u0131, davan\u0131n sadece T\u00fcrk mahkemelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla konulan ve bunu temin eden kurallar olup, temel dayana\u011f\u0131 kamu d\u00fczenidir. T\u00fcrk hukukunun temel de\u011ferleri, T\u00fcrk genel adap ve ahl\u00e2k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, T\u00fcrk Kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel adalet duygusu ve genel siyaseti, Anayasada yer alan temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler, milletleraras\u0131 alanda ge\u00e7erli ortak ve \u00f6zel hukuka ait iyiniyet prensibine dayanan kurallar, medeni topluluklar\u0131n m\u00fc\u015ftereken benimsedikleri ahl\u00e2k ilkeleri ve adalet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ifadesi olan hukuk normlar\u0131, toplumun medeniyet seviyesi, siyasi ve ekonomik rejim ile insan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri, mill\u00ee hukukumuzdaki kamu d\u00fczeninin dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Kamu d\u00fczeni, taraflar\u0131n uymak zorunda olduklar\u0131 kamu ve \u00f6zel hukuktan do\u011fan ve taraflar\u0131n \u00fczerinde serbest\u00e7e tasarruf edemeyecekleri kurallar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

5718 say\u0131l\u0131 Milletleraras\u0131 \u00d6zel Hukuk ve Usul Hukuku Hakk\u0131nda Kanunun 54\/c maddesinde, h\u00fckm\u00fcn kamu d\u00fczenine a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulunmamas\u0131 hali tenfiz \u015fartlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, buna g\u00f6re, yabanc\u0131 mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n verilmesinde uygulanan hukuk ve bunun hangi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlere g\u00f6re uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, yabanc\u0131 karar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de icra edilmesi halinde meydana gelecek sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n T\u00fcrk kamu d\u00fczenini ihlal edip etmeyece\u011finin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. An\u0131lan maddede yer alan \u201cH\u00fckm\u00fcn kamu d\u00fczenine a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulunmamas\u0131\u201d ifadesinden, yabanc\u0131 mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n esas\u0131na uygulanan hukukun T\u00fcrk kamu d\u00fczenine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n incelenemeyece\u011fi, sadece h\u00fckm\u00fcn tenfizi neticesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan hukuk\u00ee sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n kamu d\u00fczenine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde yabanc\u0131 mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n tenfizi isteminin reddedilece\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Esasa uygulanan hukukun T\u00fcrk Hukukundan farkl\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 ya da T\u00fcrk Hukukunun emredici kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131 gibi nedenlerle yabanc\u0131 karar\u0131n tenfiz istemi reddedilemez. (Y\u0130BGK.nun 10.02.2012 g\u00fcn ve 2010\/1 esas 2012\/1 karar say\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7tihat\u0131)<\/p>\n

Burada esas al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken k\u0131stas, mill\u00ee hukuk ile kamu d\u00fczeninin dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan ve yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan hususlard\u0131r. T\u00fcrk hukukunda, kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin yetki kurallar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 m\u00fcnhas\u0131r yetki h\u00fckm\u00fcd\u00fcr. M\u00fcnhas\u0131r yetki kurallar\u0131, devletin kendi \u00fclke ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde haiz oldu\u011fu mutlak g\u00fc\u00e7 ve yetkiyi ifade eden, devletin egemenlik ve h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131n kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren ve simgeleyen kurallard\u0131r. Burada \u00f6nemli olan T\u00fcrk hukukundaki kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin her yetki kural\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcnhas\u0131r bir yetki kural\u0131 olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Yetki kural\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcnhas\u0131r yetki h\u00fckm\u00fc getirmi\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yetki kural\u0131n\u0131n ifadesinden ve konulu\u015f gayesinden hareketle belirlenebilir. M\u00fcnhas\u0131r yetki kural\u0131 o maddenin ifadesinden, konulu\u015f amac\u0131ndan ve yabanc\u0131 unsurlu davalar\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri nazara al\u0131narak tayin edilir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun 411. maddesinde ”Ves\u00e2yet i\u015flerinde yetki, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fim yerindeki ves\u00e2yet dairelerine aittir.”, 412. maddesinde ise, ”Ves\u00e2yet makam\u0131n\u0131n izni olmad\u0131k\u00e7a ves\u00e2yet alt\u0131ndaki ki\u015fi yerle\u015fim yerini de\u011fi\u015ftiremez. Yerle\u015fim yerinin de\u011fi\u015fmesi halinde yetki, yeni ves\u00e2yet dairelerine ge\u00e7er. Bu takdirde k\u0131s\u0131tlama yeni yerle\u015fim yerinde ilan olunur.”, 19. maddesinde de ”Yerle\u015fim yeri bir kimsenin s\u00fcrekli kalma niyetiyle oturdu\u011fu yerdir. Bir kimsenin ayn\u0131 zamanda birden \u00e7ok yerle\u015fim yeri olamaz.” h\u00fck\u00fcmleri getirilmi\u015ftir. 5490 say\u0131l\u0131 N\u00fcfus Hizmetleri Kanun’un 3\/e maddesinde yerle\u015fim yerinin s\u00fcrekli kalma niyetiyle oturulan yeri ifade edece\u011fi, ayn\u0131 Kanun’un 50\/2. maddesi ve bu Kanuna dayan\u0131larak \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131p, 15.08.2007 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulan Adres Kay\u0131t Sistemi Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin 13\/1. maddesinde ise, yerle\u015fim yeri adreslerinin tutulmas\u0131nda ki\u015filerin yaz\u0131l\u0131 beyan\u0131n\u0131n esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131, adres beyan formundaki bildirimlerin aksi sabit oluncaya kadar ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yerle\u015fim yeri ile ilgili getirilen k\u0131staslardan, yerle\u015fim yerinin kesinlik ifade etmedi\u011fi, ko\u015fullar\u0131n ve s\u00fcrekli kalma niyetinin de\u011fi\u015fmesi ile k\u0131s\u0131tlama karar\u0131 verildikten sonra ves\u00e2yet makam\u0131n\u0131n izni ile de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011fi g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu niteli\u011fi itibariyle de\u011fi\u015fmez ve mutlak olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay uygulamalar\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun 411 ve 412.maddelerindeki yetkinin kesin ve kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir. Ancak, yukar\u0131da da ifade edildi\u011fi gibi, kesin ve kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin her yetki kural\u0131, milletleraras\u0131 hukuk y\u00f6n\u00fcnden m\u00fcnhas\u0131r yetki de\u011fildir. \u0130\u00e7 hukuk y\u00f6n\u00fcnden vesayette, kamu d\u00fczeni ve kesin yetki ilkeleri benimsenmi\u015f ise de, burada ama\u00e7, kendisini ve malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, y\u00f6netmekten ve korumaktan yoksun olanlarla (T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun 404, 405. maddeleri), kendisini ve malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, y\u00f6netmek ve korumaktan yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lanlar\u0131n (T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun 406, 407, 408. maddeleri) korunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin devletin egemenlik ve h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131k hakk\u0131yla bir ilgisi bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tan\u0131ma taleplerinde yetkili mahkeme, 5718 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 40 ve 41. maddelerine g\u00f6re belirlenecektir. T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nda, vesayet durumunu \u00f6\u011frenen ki\u015filere ve kurumlara, durumu ves\u00e2yet makam\u0131na ihbar y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getirildi\u011finden, gerek tan\u0131ma karar\u0131 veren mahkemenin gerekse ilgili \u015fahs\u0131n ihbar\u0131yla ves\u00e2yet makam\u0131 olaya el koyacak, Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin 9\/r ve 30. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca ves\u00e2yet ad kayd\u0131 yap\u0131larak vesayet makam\u0131nca takip ve denetim sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka ifade ile bu konuda yabanc\u0131 mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan verilen karar T\u00fcrk mahkemelerinden verilmi\u015f bir karar gibi i\u015flem g\u00f6recektir.<\/p>\n

Dava konusu somut olayda T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olan 1965 do\u011fumlu Nazik \u00d6zdemir, Almanya’da ya\u015famakta olup M\u00fcnih Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinin 04.04.2012 tarih 715 XVII 7353\/11 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile k\u0131s\u0131tlanarak kendisine o\u011flu, ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 da olan Hakan \u00d6zdemir vasi olarak atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karar i\u00e7eri\u011finden, k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131n\u0131n Alman Medeni Kanunu uyar\u0131nca k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve k\u0131s\u0131tlanma nedeninin T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun 405.maddesine de uyar nitelikte oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Her ne kadar; k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131ya mill\u00ee hukuk uygulanmam\u0131\u015f ise de, bu hususu tenfiz ve tan\u0131ma engeli olarak d\u00fczenleyen 2675 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 38\/e maddesi, 5718 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda yer almamaktad\u0131r. Dava tarihi itibariyle uygulanacak Kanun, 2675 de\u011fil, 5718 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanundur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 2675 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yabanc\u0131 mahkeme ilam\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 veya tenfizine karar verilebilmesi i\u00e7in ilam\u0131n taraflar\u0131n\u0131n veya en az birinin T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmas\u0131na gerek bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Taraflar T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmasalar bile hukuki menfaatlerinin bulunmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla yabanc\u0131 ilam\u0131n tenfizini veya tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilirler.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, bu hususun tek ba\u015f\u0131na kamu d\u00fczenine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. M\u00d6HUK’un 9. ve 10. maddelerinde yer alan hak ve fiil ehliyeti ile ves\u00e2yet veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k karar\u0131 verilmesi sebepleri, ves\u00e2yet ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k karar\u0131 verilmesi veya sona erdirilmesi istenen ki\u015finin mill\u00ee hukukuna tabidir h\u00fckm\u00fc, mill\u00ee hukukta mevcut olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla yabanc\u0131 mahkemeler taraf\u0131ndan da verilebilece\u011fi \u015feklinde yorumlanmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ves\u00e2yet ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k m\u00fcessesesi hem Alman ve hem de T\u00fcrk hukukunda mevcut oldu\u011fundan, T\u00fcrk hukukunda mevcut olmayan bir m\u00fcessese hakk\u0131nda Alman mahkemelerinin vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu bir karardan da s\u00f6z edilemez. Buradaki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc, Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ihlal edilip edilmemesidir.<\/p>\n

Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, ki\u015filerin yarar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetilmesini her \u015feyin \u00fcst\u00fcnde tutmaktad\u0131r. Alman mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan verilen ves\u00e2yet karar\u0131n\u0131n; ves\u00e2yet alt\u0131na al\u0131nan\u0131n, Almanya’daki hukuki menfaatlerini koruyaca\u011f\u0131 gibi bu karar\u0131n T\u00fcrk mahkemeleri taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ile de T\u00fcrkiye’deki menfaatlerini koruyacakt\u0131r. Alman mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk milli hukuku ile \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmayacak ve hatta ayn\u0131 paralelde verdi\u011fi karar\u0131n ne milli hukuka ve ne de m\u00fcnhas\u0131r yetki ya da kamu d\u00fczeni ile bir alakas\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Aksine davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n di\u011fer bir ifade ile yerel mahkeme ya da Hukuk Genel Kurulu kararlar\u0131nda ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen gerek\u00e7elerin kabul\u00fc halinde, T\u00fcrkiye’nin Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesinde mahkumiyeti sonucunu do\u011furur ki, bunun da hi\u00e7 arzu edilmeyen bir durum oldu\u011funda ku\u015fku yoktur.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, 1905 tarihli “K\u0131s\u0131tlamaya ve Benzer Tedbirlere \u0130li\u015fkin La Haye S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi”nin 3. ve 7. maddelerinde; kural olarak mill\u00ee hukukun ve mill\u00ee Devlet mahkemelerinin yetkili olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n hacir alt\u0131na al\u0131nacak \u015fahs\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yer (Almanya) makamlar\u0131 da, ilgilinin milli hukukuna (T\u00fcrk Hukukuna) veya bulunma yeri hukukuna (Alman Hukukuna) g\u00f6re hacir karar\u0131 alabilecekleri \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131klanan t\u00fcm bu nedenlerle k\u0131s\u0131tlama karar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc gerekirken, yerinde bulunmayan gerek\u00e7e ile reddi do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir\u2026”<\/p>\n

gerek\u00e7esiyle bozularak dosya yerine geri \u00e7evrilmekle yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda, mahkemece \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

HUKUK GENEL KURULU KARARI\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hukuk Genel Kurulunca incelenerek direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresinde temyiz edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve dosyadaki belgeler okunduktan sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n

Dava, yabanc\u0131 mahkemece verilen vasi tayini karar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131mas\u0131 ve tenfizi istemine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n

Davac\u0131 vekili; m\u00fcvekkilinin M\u00fcnih Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinin 25.02.2013 tarihli ve 715 XVII 7353\/11 dosya say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile babas\u0131 Ahmet Hakan’a vasi olarak tayin edildi\u011fini belirterek mezkur karar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de baz\u0131 resm\u00ee ve \u00f6zel i\u015flemlerde icra edilebilmesi i\u00e7in tan\u0131nmas\u0131na ve tenfizine karar verilmesini istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yerel mahkemece; vesayet i\u015flerinde T\u00fcrk mahkemelerinin yetkisinin m\u00fcnhas\u0131r oldu\u011fu, yabanc\u0131 mahkemece verilen vesayete ili\u015fkin karar\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131na ve tenfizine karar verilemeyece\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Davac\u0131 vekilinin temyizi \u00fczerine karar, \u00d6zel Dairece yukar\u0131da ba\u015fl\u0131k b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle bozulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Yerel mahkemece; tan\u0131nmas\u0131 istenilen karar\u0131n Alman Kanununa g\u00f6re verildi\u011fi, bu husustaki T\u00fcrk mahkemelerinin yetkisinin kamu d\u00fczeni ile ilgili ve kesin yetki oldu\u011fu, bir an i\u00e7in aksi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclse bile bu defa yabanc\u0131 mahkemeden verilen izin ve onay\u0131n yine T\u00fcrkiye’de uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in yeniden tenfiz veya tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekece\u011fi, 5718 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa\u2019n\u0131n 51. maddesine g\u00f6re karar\u0131n Kayseri Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n ve tenfizinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kabul edilse bile bu kez T\u00fcrk hukuku a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan vesayet i\u015flerinde sulh hukuk mahkemesinin yetkili ve g\u00f6revli oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir uygulama yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131, M\u00fcnih Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinin 25.02.2013 tarihli karar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk mahkemeleri taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde T\u00fcrk hukukundaki vesayet kurullar\u0131na uygun bir uygulaman\u0131n ve icra edilebilirli\u011fin olmayaca\u011f\u0131, sulh hukuk mahkemeleri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan uygulamada, yabanc\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k kurumlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk hukukuna g\u00f6re vasi tayini imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak doktor raporlar\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131 ve onayl\u0131 terc\u00fcmesinin dosyaya sunulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yeniden rapor al\u0131nmas\u0131 yoluna gidilmeyerek vasi karar\u0131 verilmesi olana\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumda tan\u0131ma ve tenfiz talep eden y\u00f6n\u00fcnden tenfizin ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlama, icra edilebilirlik y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00e7eli\u015fkiler do\u011furma, vesayet ve denetim makam\u0131 g\u00f6revlerinin belirsiz h\u00e2le gelmesi, yetkili ve g\u00f6revli mahkemelerin hangisi oldu\u011fu hususunda \u00e7eli\u015fki ya\u015fanmas\u0131, vasi karar\u0131ndan sonraki vasinin y\u00f6netimsel i\u015flemleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden T\u00fcrk mahkemeleri ve yabanc\u0131 mahkemelerin uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n birbirine kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gibi olumsuzluklar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilece\u011fi ve yap\u0131lacak olan uygulaman\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 ve vasi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hukuki yarar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden daha faydal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131, Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmayaca\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7eleriyle \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Direnme karar\u0131 davac\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Direnme yolu ile Hukuk Genel Kurulu \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k; vesayet konusunda karar vermenin T\u00fcrk mahkemelerinin m\u00fcnhas\u0131r yetkisinde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, burada var\u0131lacak sonuca g\u00f6re yabanc\u0131 mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan verilen vasi tayinine ili\u015fkin karar\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve tenfizine karar verilip verilemeyece\u011fi noktas\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hukuk Genel Kurulundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesinden \u00f6nce, yabanc\u0131 mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan verilen vasi tayinine ili\u015fkin karar\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve tenfizi iste\u011fine konu eldeki davada, direnme karar\u0131 veren Sulh Hukuk Mahkemesinin davaya bakmakta g\u00f6revli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususu \u00f6ncelikle tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Davaya konu istem, yabanc\u0131 mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131na ve tenfizine ili\u015fkin bulunmakla \u00f6ncelikle, buna ili\u015fkin yasal d\u00fczenlemeler ile kavram ve kurumlar\u0131n irdelenmesinde yarar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yabanc\u0131 mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve tenfizi 5718 say\u0131l\u0131 Milletleraras\u0131 \u00d6zel Hukuk ve Usul Hukuku Hakk\u0131nda Kanun (M\u00d6HUK)\u2019un ikinci k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kanunun 50 il\u00e2 57. maddeleri tenfize, 58 ile 59. maddeleri ise tan\u0131maya ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n

5718 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un; \u201cTenfiz Karar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 50. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca:<\/p>\n

\u201cYabanc\u0131 mahkemelerden hukuk davalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak verilmi\u015f ve o devlet kanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6re kesinle\u015fmi\u015f bulunan il\u00e2mlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de icra olunabilmesi yetkili T\u00fcrk mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan tenfiz karar\u0131 verilmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cTenfiz \u0130stemi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 52. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 1. c\u00fcmlesine g\u00f6re; \u201cKarar\u0131n tenfiz edilmesinde hukuk\u00ee yarar\u0131 bulunan herkes tenfiz isteminde bulunabilir.\u201d<\/p>\n

An\u0131lan Kanunun \u201cTenfiz \u015eartlar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 54. maddesine g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n

\u201c(1) Yetkili mahkeme tenfiz karar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fartlar d\u00e2hilinde verir:<\/p>\n

a) T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ile il\u00e2m\u0131n verildi\u011fi devlet aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k esas\u0131na dayanan bir anla\u015fma yahut o devlette T\u00fcrk mahkemelerinden verilmi\u015f il\u00e2mlar\u0131n tenfizini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan bir kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn veya fiil\u00ee uygulaman\u0131n bulunmas\u0131,<\/p>\n

b) \u0130l\u00e2m\u0131n, T\u00fcrk mahkemelerinin m\u00fcnhas\u0131r yetkisine girmeyen bir konuda verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 veya daval\u0131n\u0131n itiraz etmesi \u015fart\u0131yla il\u00e2m\u0131n, dava konusu veya taraflarla ger\u00e7ek bir ili\u015fkisi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde kendisine yetki tan\u0131yan bir devlet mahkemesince verilmi\u015f olmamas\u0131,<\/p>\n

c) H\u00fckm\u00fcn kamu d\u00fczenine a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulunmamas\u0131,<\/p>\n

\u00e7) O yer kanunlar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 tenfiz istenen ki\u015finin h\u00fckm\u00fc veren mahkemeye usul\u00fcne uygun bir \u015fekilde \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f veya o mahkemede temsil edilmemi\u015f yahut bu kanunlara ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir \u015fekilde g\u0131yab\u0131nda veya yoklu\u011funda h\u00fck\u00fcm verilmi\u015f ve bu ki\u015finin yukar\u0131daki hususlardan birine dayanarak tenfiz istemine kar\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrk mahkemesine itiraz etmemi\u015f olmas\u0131\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan 5718 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un \u201cTebli\u011f ve \u0130tiraz\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 55. maddesi uyar\u0131nca;<\/p>\n

“(1) Tenfiz istemine ili\u015fkin dilek\u00e7e, duru\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fc ile birlikte kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa tebli\u011f edilir. \u0130htil\u00e2fs\u0131z kaza kararlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve tenfizi de ayn\u0131 h\u00fckme t\u00e2bidir. … ihtil\u00e2fs\u0131z kaza kararlar\u0131nda tebli\u011f h\u00fckm\u00fc uygulanmaz. \u0130stem, basit yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re incelenerek karara ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

(2) Kar\u015f\u0131 taraf ancak bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re tenfiz \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya yabanc\u0131 mahkeme il\u00e2m\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smen veya tamamen yerine getirilmi\u015f yahut yerine getirilmesine engel bir sebep ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek itiraz edebilir.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cKarar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 56. maddesine g\u00f6re, \u201cMahkemece il\u00e2m\u0131n k\u0131smen veya tamamen tenfizine veya istemin reddine karar verilebilir. Bu karar yabanc\u0131 mahkeme il\u00e2m\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na yaz\u0131l\u0131r ve h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fch\u00fcrlenip imzalan\u0131r.\u201d ve \u201cYerine Getirme ve Temyiz Yolu\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 57. maddeye g\u00f6re,<\/p>\n

\u201c(1) Tenfizine karar verilen yabanc\u0131 il\u00e2mlar T\u00fcrk mahkemelerinden verilmi\u015f il\u00e2mlar gibi icra olunur.<\/p>\n

(2) Tenfiz isteminin kabul veya reddi hususunda verilen kararlar\u0131n temyizi genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere t\u00e2bidir. Temyiz, yerine getirmeyi durdurur.\u201d<\/p>\n

5718 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un tan\u0131maya ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri incelendi\u011finde, \u201cTan\u0131ma\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 58. maddesinde:<\/p>\n

\u201c(1) Yabanc\u0131 mahkeme il\u00e2m\u0131n\u0131n kesin delil veya kesin h\u00fck\u00fcm olarak kabul edilebilmesi yabanc\u0131 il\u00e2m\u0131n tenfiz \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mahkemece tespitine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Tan\u0131mada 54’\u00fcnc\u00fc maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendi uygulanmaz.<\/p>\n

(2) \u0130htil\u00e2fs\u0131z kaza kararlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 da ayn\u0131 h\u00fckme t\u00e2bidir.<\/p>\n

(3) Yabanc\u0131 mahkeme il\u00e2m\u0131na dayan\u0131larak T\u00fcrkiye’de idar\u00ee bir i\u015flemin yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 usul uygulan\u0131r.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131klanan h\u00fck\u00fcmler incelendi\u011finde, 5718 say\u0131l\u0131 M\u00d6HUK\u2019da yabanc\u0131 mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve tenfizi i\u00e7in uyulmas\u0131 gerekli usul\u00ee i\u015flemlere ili\u015fkin olarak, 50 il\u00e2 53. ve 55 il\u00e2 57. maddeler aras\u0131nda esas itibar\u0131yla tenfiz usul\u00fcn\u00fcn kapsaml\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, tan\u0131maya ili\u015fkin usul\u00ee i\u015flemlerin ise tenfize ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlere tabi tutuldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (M\u00d6HUK m. 58\/1). Her ne kadar madde ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131ndan yaln\u0131zca tenfiz usul\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, tan\u0131man\u0131n ise hangi usul \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilmedi\u011fi gibi bir sonu\u00e7 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclse bile, madde i\u00e7eriklerinden kanun koyucunun yabanc\u0131 mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 tenfize ili\u015fkin \u015fartlara ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tan\u0131ma usul\u00fc ve tenfiz usul\u00fc aras\u0131nda bir ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetilmedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (Do\u011fan, V.: Milletleraras\u0131 \u00d6zel Hukuk, Ankara 2019, s. 144-145).<\/p>\n

5718 Say\u0131l\u0131 M\u00d6HUK\u2019un \u201cG\u00f6rev ve Yetki\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 51. maddesi;<\/p>\n

\u201c(1) Tenfiz kararlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6revli mahkeme asliye mahkemesidir.<\/p>\n

(2) Bu kararlar kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 tenfiz istenen ki\u015finin T\u00fcrkiye’deki yerle\u015fim yeri, yoksa sakin oldu\u011fu yer mahkemesinden, T\u00fcrkiye’de yerle\u015fim yeri veya sakin oldu\u011fu bir yer mevcut de\u011filse Ankara, \u0130stanbul veya \u0130zmir mahkemelerinden birinden istenebilir.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesini i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

Buna g\u00f6re, yabanc\u0131 mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131mas\u0131 ve tenfizi davas\u0131nda g\u00f6revli mahkeme asliye mahkemesidir. Tan\u0131ma ve tenfiz karar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yabanc\u0131 karar\u0131 veren mahkemenin hangi mahkeme oldu\u011funa bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n asliye mahkemelerinin g\u00f6revli olmas\u0131 uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Burada, tan\u0131ma ve tenfiz davas\u0131n\u0131n, yerel mahkeme i\u00e7inde sulh hukuk mahkemesine g\u00f6re daha \u00fcst d\u00fczey bir mahkeme olan asliye mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan bak\u0131lmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Nomer, E.: Devletler Hususi Hukuku, \u0130stanbul 2013, s. 492).<\/p>\n

Yabanc\u0131 mahkeme ilam\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve tenfizinde asliye mahkemeleri de g\u00f6rev ili\u015fkisi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde davaya … ( HGK 15.06.2016 tarihli ve 2014\/19-1090 E., 2016\/819 K.).<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere ilgili madde, asliye mahkemesini g\u00f6revli kabul etmekte ve davan\u0131n konusunu te\u015fkil eden ihtilaf\u0131n niteli\u011fini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmamaktad\u0131r. \u0130htil\u00e2fs\u0131z yarg\u0131 alan\u0131nda verilen mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 da ayn\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlere tabi tutulmu\u015ftur (M\u00d6HUK m. 58\/2). Yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkedeki karar\u0131 veren yabanc\u0131 mahkemenin sulh veya asliye yahut da istinaf mahkemesi olmas\u0131 tan\u0131ma ve tenfiz davas\u0131nda g\u00f6revli mahkemeyi etkilemez (Ruhi, A.C.: T\u00fcrk Hukukunda Yabanc\u0131 Nafaka \u0130lamlar\u0131n\u0131n Tenfizi, Ankara 2013, s. 265-266).<\/p>\n

Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, dava \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n neler oldu\u011fu 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 HMK\u2019n\u0131n 114. maddesinde belirtilmi\u015f olup, an\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemenin 1. bendinin (c) alt bendinde mahkemenin g\u00f6revli olmas\u0131 dava \u015fart\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6rev kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin olup, mahkeme davan\u0131n her safhas\u0131nda g\u00f6revli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 resen inceler ve g\u00f6revsiz oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na var\u0131rsa kendili\u011finden g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131 verir (HMK m. 115). Mahkemenin g\u00f6revli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususu h\u00fck\u00fcm kesinle\u015finceye kadar gerek mahkeme, gerek Yarg\u0131tay taraf\u0131ndan resen g\u00f6zetilir (Arslan, R.\/ Y\u0131lmaz, E.\/ Ta\u015fp\u0131nar Ayvaz, S.\/ Hana\u011fas\u0131, E.: Meden\u00ee Usul Hukuku, Ankara 2019, s. 204-206).<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda somut olaya gelindi\u011finde, davac\u0131 M\u00fcnih Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan verilen vasi tayinine ili\u015fkin karar\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve tenfizi isteminde bulunmu\u015ftur. M\u00d6HUK\u2019un 51\/1. maddesi gere\u011fince g\u00f6revli mahkemenin asliye mahkemeleri oldu\u011fu ve g\u00f6rev hususu dava \u015fartlar\u0131ndan olmas\u0131 nedeniyle yarg\u0131laman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda kendili\u011finden nazara al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finden; davan\u0131n asliye mahkemesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken sulh hukuk mahkemesince davaya bak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 hatal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

O h\u00e2lde, yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan de\u011fi\u015fik gerek\u00e7e ile direnme karar\u0131 bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S O N U \u00c7:<\/strong> Direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan de\u011fi\u015fik gerek\u00e7e ve nedenlerle 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun ge\u00e7ici 3. maddesi atf\u0131yla uygulanmakta olan 1086 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Usul\u00fc Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 429. maddesi gere\u011fince BOZULMASINA, bozma nedenine g\u00f6re davac\u0131 vekilinin temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fimdilik incelenmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, istek h\u00e2linde temyiz pe\u015fin harc\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131rana geri verilmesine, ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 440\/III-2. maddesi gere\u011fince karar d\u00fczeltme yolu kapal\u0131 olmak \u00fczere 15.10.2019 tarihinde oy birli\u011fi ile kesin olarak karar verildi.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Hukuk Genel Kurulu Karar\u0131 Esas No: 2017\/1924 Karar No: 2019\/1060 \u00d6ZET: Tan\u0131ma ve tenfiz davalar\u0131nda g\u00f6revli mahkeme Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi olup, tan\u0131ma ve tenfizi istenen yabanc\u0131 [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-158","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ictihat"],"yoast_head":"\nTan\u0131ma ve Tenfiz Davalar\u0131nda G\u00f6revli Mahkeme Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesidir - Esmeray Hukuk B\u00fcrosu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tan\u0131ma ve tenfiz davalar\u0131nda g\u00f6revli mahkeme Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi olup, tan\u0131ma ve tenfizi istenen yabanc\u0131 mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131 veren mahkemenin hangi mahkeme oldu\u011fu g\u00f6revli mahkemenin Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi oldu\u011funa etki etmez.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/tanima-tenfiz-davalarinda-gorevli-mahkeme-asliye-hukuk-mahkemesidir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tan\u0131ma ve Tenfiz Davalar\u0131nda G\u00f6revli Mahkeme Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesidir - 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