{"id":192,"date":"2021-06-18T00:56:21","date_gmt":"2021-06-17T21:56:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/?p=192"},"modified":"2021-06-18T23:57:22","modified_gmt":"2021-06-18T20:57:22","slug":"bipolar-kisinin-rapor-tarihinde-iyilik-halinde-olmasi-iyilestigi-anlamina-gelmez","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/esmeraylaw.com\/tr\/bipolar-kisinin-rapor-tarihinde-iyilik-halinde-olmasi-iyilestigi-anlamina-gelmez\/","title":{"rendered":"Bipolar Duygudurum Bozuklu\u011fu Olan Ki\u015finin Rapor Tarihinde \u0130yilik Halinde Olmas\u0131 \u0130yile\u015fti\u011fi Anlam\u0131na Gelmez"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Hukuk Genel Kurulu Karar\u0131 2017\/2712 E., 2020\/988 K.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6ZET: <\/strong>Bipolar duygu durum bozuklu\u011fu bulunan ki\u015finin, sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu rapor tarihinde hastal\u0131k halihaz\u0131r durumunun remisyonda (iyilik halinde) olmas\u0131, remisyon s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kelime anlam\u0131n\u0131n \u201ckronik hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilinen ki\u015filerde hastal\u0131k aktivitesinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan t\u0131bbi bir terim\u201d olmas\u0131, bu a\u00e7\u0131klama kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda remisyon teriminin Kanun\u2019un 147\/2. maddesinin arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlamda tam bir iyile\u015fmeyi kapsamamas\u0131 nedeniyle, ki\u015finin hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015fti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmeyece\u011finden mutlak butlan sebebiyle evlili\u011fin iptaline karar verilmelidir.<\/p>\n

“\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni”<\/strong><\/p>\n

MAHKEMES\u0130<\/strong> : Aile Mahkemesi<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki “mutlak butlanla evlili\u011fin iptali” davas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda, Kayseri 1. Aile Mahkemesince verilen davan\u0131n reddine ili\u015fkin karar, taraf vekillerinin temyizi \u00fczerine Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesince yap\u0131lan inceleme sonunda bozulmu\u015f, Mahkemece \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 direnilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n
  2. Direnme karar\u0131 davac\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n
  3. Hukuk Genel Kurulunca dosyadaki belgeler incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    I. YARGILAMA S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Davac\u0131 \u0130stemi:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Davac\u0131 vekili 03.09.2012 tarihli dava dilek\u00e7esinde; taraflar\u0131n iki ayl\u0131k ni\u015fanl\u0131l\u0131k s\u00fcresinin ard\u0131ndan 13.06.2012 tarihinde g\u00f6r\u00fcc\u00fc usul\u00fc ile evlendiklerini, ilk gece ve sonras\u0131nda daval\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcvekkilini yan\u0131na yakla\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, h\u00e2len cinsel birlikteli\u011fin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fini, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fc iki kez kendini balkondan atmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir anda a\u011flamaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda ise kahkahalarla g\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, bunun gibi pek \u00e7ok garip davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu, sorulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine psikolojik rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve 2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri tedavi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu durumun evlenirken m\u00fcvekkilinden sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, daval\u0131n\u0131n psikolojik rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n evlili\u011fi devam ettirmesine engel te\u015fkil etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerek evlili\u011fin mutlak butlanla iptaline karar verilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Daval\u0131 Cevab\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Daval\u0131 vekili 24.09.2012 tarihli cevap dilek\u00e7esinde; t\u00fcm iddialar\u0131 ink\u00e2rla, taraflar\u0131n alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k ni\u015fanl\u0131l\u0131k s\u00fcresi ge\u00e7irdiklerini, m\u00fcvekkilinin iki u\u00e7lu duygu bozuklu\u011fu tedavisi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 evlenmeye arac\u0131 olan ortak akraban\u0131n bildi\u011fini, kay\u0131nvalidesinin normal kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fcvekkilinde evlili\u011fin mutlak butlan\u0131na sebep olabilecek bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, davac\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn gecesi \u201cseni sevmiyorum, istemeyerek ald\u0131m\u201d \u015feklinde beyanda bulundu\u011funu belirterek davan\u0131n reddine, mahkeme aksi kanaatte ise 500,00TL tedbir-yoksulluk nafakas\u0131 ile 50.000,00TL maddi ve 50.000,00TL manevi tazminat \u00f6denmesine karar verilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi Karar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Kayseri 1. Aile Mahkemesinin 05.11.2014 tarihli ve 2012\/700 E., 2014\/846 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile; daval\u0131 hakk\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131ndan muayene evraklar\u0131 toplanarak ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen iddia kapsam\u0131nda 30.04.2014 tarihli Adli T\u0131p Kurumu raporu d\u00fczenlenildi\u011fi, raporda daval\u0131n\u0131n evlilik tarihi itibari ile fiil ehliyetinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, sonras\u0131nda ise hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fczeldi\u011fi ve iyile\u015fti\u011fi hususlar\u0131n\u0131n belirtildi\u011fi, rapor \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde evlili\u011fin mutlak butlanla bat\u0131l oldu\u011fu ancak sulh hukuk mahkemesi karar\u0131 ile de a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere daval\u0131n\u0131n musap oldu\u011fu, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n remisyon d\u00f6neminde olmas\u0131 nedeni ile fiil ehliyetinin var olmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda dava dosyas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte TMK’n\u0131n 147\/2. maddesine g\u00f6re evlili\u011fin ancak daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan mutlak butlan ile iptalinin istenilebilece\u011fi, davac\u0131n\u0131n bu davay\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7eleriyle davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u00d6zel Daire Bozma Karar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesinin 16.04.2015 tarihli ve 2015\/1029 E., 2015\/7651 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile; “… H\u00fck\u00fcm davac\u0131 koca taraf\u0131ndan tamam\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden, daval\u0131 kad\u0131n taraf\u0131ndan ise, tedbir nafakas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden temyiz edilmekle, evrak okunup gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            1-Yap\u0131lan soru\u015fturma ve toplanan delillerde daval\u0131 …’\u0131n bipolor affektif bozukluk denilen ruhsal rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, evlenme tarihinde fiil ehliyetine haiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dava tarihinde ise hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n remisyonda oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n remisyon halinde olmas\u0131 iyile\u015fti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez. Bu nedenle evlili\u011fin iptaline karar verilmesi gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 gerek\u00e7eyle reddi do\u011fru olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            2-Evlenmenin iptaline ili\u015fkin davalarda da bo\u015fanma h\u00fckm\u00fc k\u0131yasen uygulan\u0131r. Evlenmenin iptali davas\u0131 a\u00e7makla e\u015flerin ayr\u0131 ya\u015fama ve nafaka isteme hakk\u0131 do\u011far. O halde dava tarihinden itibaren ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere daval\u0131 kad\u0131n lehine tedbir nafakas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesi gerekirken, bu konuda h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmamas\u0131 do\u011fru olmay\u0131p bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir,…” gerek\u00e7esiyle karar bozulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

            Direnme Karar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Kayseri 1. Aile Mahkemesinin 10.09.2015 tarihli ve 2015\/489 E., 2015\/607 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile bozma \u00f6ncesi kararda yer alan gerek\u00e7enin yan\u0131nda; dosya i\u00e7erisinde Erciyes \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin 06.08.2014 tarihli raporu ile daval\u0131n\u0131n “Bipolar affektif bozukluk (remisyonda) ve hafif derecede mental reterdasyon” rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131ndan musap oldu\u011fu, ves\u00e2yet alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131na gerek olmamakla birlikte \u015fahsa hukuki dan\u0131\u015fman tayin edilmesinin yararl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bildirildi\u011fi, daval\u0131ya vasi tayinine gerek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair sulh hukuk mahkemesince karar verildi\u011fi, Adli T\u0131p Kurumu’nun 30.04.2014 tarihli raporunda ise \u201cevlilik s\u0131ras\u0131nda fiili ehliyetinden yoksun olan daval\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan muayenesi sonucunda elde edilen bilgi ve bulgular\u0131n yorumlanmas\u0131 sonucunda; ki\u015fide (bipolar affektif bozukluk) denilen ve (manik) ve (depresif) ataklarla seyreden ve arada tam bir akli sa\u011fl\u0131k i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu, serbest ara devrelerden olu\u015fan ruhsal rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n halen remisyon (iyilik) halinin\u201d saptand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n rapor edildi\u011fi, her iki raporda da fiil ehliyetinin tam oldu\u011funun belirtilmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda raporlar aras\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fkinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, daval\u0131 hakk\u0131nda vasi tayini gerekmedi\u011fi gibi iyile\u015fti\u011finin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gerek\u00e7eleriyle davan\u0131n reddi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmesine, daval\u0131 yarar\u0131na tedbir nafakas\u0131na karar verilmesine y\u00f6nelik bozmaya ise usul ve yasaya uygun olmas\u0131 nedeni ile uyulmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Direnme Karar\u0131n\u0131n Temyizi:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Direnme karar\u0131 yasal s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde davac\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                II. UYU\u015eMAZLIK<\/strong><\/p>\n

                10. Direnme yolu ile Hukuk Genel Kurulu \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k; daval\u0131 hakk\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen \u0130stanbul Adli T\u0131p Kurumu\u2019nun 30.04.2014 tarihli raporu uyar\u0131nca davac\u0131n\u0131n mutlak butlan hukuksal sebebine dayal\u0131 evlili\u011fin iptali davas\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmesinin gerekip gerekmedi\u011fi noktas\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                III. GEREK\u00c7E<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ilgili yasal d\u00fczenleme ve kavramlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131nda yarar g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/li>\n
                2. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere bo\u015fanma; hukuken ge\u00e7erli olan bir evlili\u011fin kanundaki \u015fartlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde mahkeme karar\u0131 ile sona erdirilmesini ifade etmekte iken, evlenmenin butlan\u0131; kanun taraf\u0131ndan aranan ge\u00e7erlilik ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan bir evlili\u011fin mahkeme karar\u0131yla sona erdirilmesini ifade etmektedir.<\/li>\n
                3. Evlenme, T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131 cinsten iki insan\u0131n evlendirmeye yetkili memur \u00f6n\u00fcnde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve birbirine uygun irade beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ile olu\u015fur (TMK m.142). Hukuken ge\u00e7erli bir evlili\u011fin kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kanunda d\u00fczenlenen ko\u015fullara uygun davran\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu ko\u015fullardan birinin veya birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n eksik olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde evlilik hukuken ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
                4. Evlili\u011fin kurucu unsurlar\u0131 olarak say\u0131lan “evlenmenin ayr\u0131 cinsten ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131”, “evlendirme memuru \u00f6n\u00fcnde yap\u0131lmas\u0131”, “taraflar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve s\u00f6zl\u00fc iradelerini a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131” hususlar\u0131ndan birinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemesi h\u00e2linde evlilik hi\u00e7 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015f gibi sonu\u00e7 do\u011furacakt\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla evlenmenin yoklu\u011fu s\u00f6z konusu olacakt\u0131r. Yoklukla sakat olan bir evlenme aradan ne kadar s\u00fcre ge\u00e7erse ge\u00e7sin d\u00fczelmeyece\u011fi gibi, evlenmenin n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131na i\u015flenmesi de sonucu de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyecektir (Dural, M\/ \u00d6\u011f\u00fcz, T\/ G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, A: T\u00fcrk \u00d6zel Hukuku, Cilt III, Aile Hukuku, \u0130stanbul 2019, s. 72-79).<\/li>\n
                5. Oysa \u015feklen meydana gelmi\u015f bir evlili\u011fin, kanunun taraflarda ya da iradelerinde arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 niteliklerin eksikli\u011fi nedeniyle ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyorsa “yokluk” kavram\u0131ndan de\u011fil, “butlan” kavram\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilecektir. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, butlanla sakat, yani bat\u0131l bir evlenmeden e\u015fler aras\u0131nda evlilik ili\u015fkisi do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Zira bu evlenmede, evlenme s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin b\u00fct\u00fcn esasl\u0131 ve kurucu unsurlar\u0131 mevcuttur, fakat kanunun taraflarda ya da iradelerinde arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 niteliklerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015ftir. Bu nedenlerdir ki; butlanla sakatlanm\u0131\u015f olan evlenmeler h\u00e2kimin h\u00fckm\u00fcyle iptal edilinceye kadar ge\u00e7erli bir evlili\u011fin b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcm ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fururlar (TMK m. 156 c.2). Medeni Kanun; evlenmenin butlan\u0131n\u0131, “mutlak” ve “nisbi” butlan olmak \u00fczere ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Mutlak butlan ile nisbi butlan davalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli farklar, dava sebeplerinde, dava haklar\u0131nda ve dava s\u00fcresinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Mutlak butlan sebepleri kamu d\u00fczenini ilgilendirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in, mutlak butlan davas\u0131 savc\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan da a\u00e7\u0131labilece\u011fi h\u00e2lde, nisbi butlan davas\u0131 sadece taraf menfaatlerini ilgilendirir ve bu nedenle de e\u015flerden biri ve belli h\u00e2llerde yasal temsilci taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Hemen burada belirtilmelidir ki, her iki butlan sebebine dayal\u0131 ge\u00e7ersizli\u011fin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan fark bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n
                6. Gerek mutlak butlan, gerekse nisbi butlan sebepleri kanunda s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mutlak butlan sebepleri TMK\u2019n\u0131n 145. maddesinde; \u201cA\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki h\u00e2llerde evlenme mutlak butlanla bat\u0131ld\u0131r: 1. E\u015flerden birinin evlenme s\u0131ras\u0131nda evli bulunmas\u0131, 2. E\u015flerden birinin evlenme s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli bir sebeple ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yoksun bulunmas\u0131, 3. E\u015flerden birinde evlenmeye engel olacak derecede ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmas\u0131, 4. E\u015fler aras\u0131nda evlenmeye engel olacak derecede h\u0131s\u0131ml\u0131\u011f\u0131n bulunmas\u0131.\u201d \u015feklinde say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu h\u00e2llerden birinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumunda evlenmenin kesin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Nisbi butlan ise; TMK\u2019n\u0131n 148, 151 ve 153. maddelerde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen sebeplerden biri ile evlenmenin sakat olmas\u0131 h\u00e2lini ifade eder. Bu sebepler; evlenme s\u0131ras\u0131nda ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden ge\u00e7ici yoksunluk, irade sakatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yasal temsilcinin izninin bulunmamas\u0131d\u0131r. TMK’n\u0131n 156. maddesinde; \u201cBat\u0131l bir evlilik ancak h\u00e2kimin karar\u0131yla sona erer,\u2026\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verildi\u011finden, her iki h\u00e2lde de sakat olan evlenme, ancak h\u00e2kimin karar\u0131yla sona erebilir. Burada h\u00e2kimin karar\u0131n\u0131n ileriye etkili olaca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/li>\n
                7. Somut olayda uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu, e\u015flerden birinin evlenme s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli bir sebeple ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yoksun bulunmas\u0131 mutlak butlan sebebiyle evlili\u011fin iptali istemine dayanmaktad\u0131r. Daimi surette ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yoksun olan ki\u015fi, evlenme s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yapamaz; yapm\u0131\u015fsa yap\u0131lan evlenme bat\u0131ld\u0131r (TMK m. 145 b.2). Ancak TMK\u2019n\u0131n 147\/2. maddesinde \u201c\u2026Ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn sonradan kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 veya ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 durumlar\u0131nda mutlak butlan davas\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131z ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sonradan kazanan veya ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyile\u015fen e\u015f a\u00e7abilir,\u2026\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc d\u00fczenleme alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu maddeye g\u00f6re, ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc olmayan bir kimse, evlenme s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne kavu\u015fmu\u015fsa, art\u0131k savc\u0131, ilgililer ve di\u011fer e\u015fin mutlak butlan davas\u0131 a\u00e7amayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 husus evlenmeye engel olacak derecede ak\u0131l hastas\u0131 olan e\u015fin daha sonradan iyile\u015fmesi ve bu durumun sa\u011fl\u0131k raporu ile de belgelenmesi h\u00e2linde de ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu iki h\u00e2lde (TMK m. 145 b.2-3), yani ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn sonradan kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 veya ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 durumlar\u0131nda mutlak butlan davas\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131z ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sonradan kazanan e\u015f veya ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyile\u015fen e\u015f a\u00e7abilir. Burada hemen belirtilmelidir ki; ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sonradan kazanan veya ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyile\u015fen e\u015fin a\u00e7abilece\u011fi butlan davas\u0131ndan ise \u201cnisbi butlanla evlili\u011fin iptali\u201d davas\u0131n\u0131 anlamak gerekir. Bu bak\u0131mdan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sonradan kazanan veya ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyile\u015fen e\u015f TMK\u2019n\u0131n 152. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcreler i\u00e7erisinde dava a\u00e7mazsa, art\u0131k o evlili\u011fin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclemeyecektir (Dural, M\/ \u00d6\u011f\u00fcz, T\/ G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, A: T\u00fcrk \u00d6zel Hukuku, Cilt III, Aile Hukuku, \u0130stanbul 2019, s. 86-87).<\/li>\n
                8. T\u00fcm bu hususlar birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; \u0130stanbul Adli T\u0131p Kurumu\u2019nun 30.04.2014 tarihli raporu ile daval\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u201c\u2026Ki\u015fide (Bipolar Affektif Bozukluk) denilen (manik) ve (deresif) ataklarla seyreden ve arada tam bir akli sa\u011fl\u0131k i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu, serbest ara devrelerden olu\u015fan ruhsal rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u00e2len remisyon (iyilik) h\u00e2linin saptand\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak dava dosyas\u0131nda mevcut t\u0131bbi belgelerde evlilik tarihinden bir hafta \u00f6nce 06.06.2012 tarihindeki \u00d6zel Erciyes Hastanesi\u2019nde yap\u0131lan muayenesine ait bulgular ve evlilik tarihinden yakla\u015f\u0131k bir ay sonra Erciyes \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi Anabilim Dal\u0131\u2019ndaki 13.07.2012 giri\u015f 31.07.2012 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f tarihli Bipolar Affektif Bozukluk (mixt epizod psikotik \u00f6zellikli) tan\u0131s\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda evlilik tarihinde \u015fuur ve hareket serbestisi ile olaylar\u0131 kavray\u0131p onlardan sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara varabilme yetene\u011fini ortadan kald\u0131racak mahiyet ve derecede olan bu ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etkisinde oldu\u011fu t\u0131bbi kanaatine var\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu duruma g\u00f6re P\u2026 P\u2026.\u2019\u0131n evlenme tarihi olan 13.06.2012 tarihinde fiil ehliyetine haiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 oy birli\u011fi ile m\u00fctalaa,\u2026\u201d edilmi\u015ftir. Yerel mahkeme ile \u00d6zel Daire aras\u0131nda evlenme tarihi itibari ile daval\u0131n\u0131n TMK\u2019n\u0131n 145\/b.2-3. maddelerinde belirtildi\u011fi \u015fekilde ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi evlenmeye engel olacak derecede ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etkisinde oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k; daval\u0131da sabit olan Bipolar Affektif Bozukluk denilen manik ve deresif ataklarla seyreden, serbest ara devreler aras\u0131nda ki\u015finin akli sa\u011fl\u0131k i\u00e7inde olabildi\u011fi bu t\u00fcr ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n muayene esnas\u0131nda \u201cremisyon (iyilik)\u201d d\u00f6neminde olmas\u0131n\u0131n hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n iyile\u015fti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelip gelmedi\u011fi noktas\u0131nda topland\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re; dosya kapsam\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak de\u011ferlendirilerek, daval\u0131n\u0131n evlenme tarihi itibari ile evlenmeye engel derecede ak\u0131l hastas\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkisiyle ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yoksun bulundu\u011fu, muayene tarihinde ise mevcut hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n remisyon d\u00f6neminde oldu\u011fu, remisyon s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kelime anlam\u0131n\u0131n \u201ckronik hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilinen ki\u015filerde hastal\u0131k aktivitesinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan t\u0131bbi bir terim\u201d oldu\u011fu, bu a\u00e7\u0131klama kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda remisyon teriminin Kanun\u2019un 147\/2. maddesinin arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlamda tam bir iyile\u015fmeyi kapsamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, mutlak butlan sebebiyle evlili\u011fin iptaline karar verilmesi gerekirken, hatal\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme ile davan\u0131n reddi do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n
                9. Hukuk Genel Kurulunda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00fcyelerce; direnme gerek\u00e7esinin isabetli oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle mahkemece verilen direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n onanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, Kurul \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funca yukar\u0131da belirtilen nedenlerle benimsenmemi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n
                10. O h\u00e2lde, Hukuk Genel Kurulunca da benimsenen \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131na uyulmas\u0131 gerekirken \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
                11. Bu nedenle direnme karar\u0131 bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  IV. SONU\u00c7:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle;<\/p>\n

                  Davac\u0131 vekilinin temyiz itiraz\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen nedenlerden dolay\u0131 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019na eklenen \u201cGe\u00e7ici madde 3\u201d atf\u0131yla uygulanmakta olan 1086 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Usul\u00fc Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 429. maddesi gere\u011fince BOZULMASINA,<\/p>\n

                  \u0130stek h\u00e2linde temyiz pe\u015fin harc\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131rana geri verilmesine,<\/p>\n

                  Ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 440. maddesi uyar\u0131nca karar\u0131n tebli\u011f tarihinden itibaren on be\u015f g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde karar d\u00fczeltme yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmak \u00fczere, 02.12.2020 tarihinde oy \u00e7oklu\u011fu ile karar verildi.<\/p>\n

                  KAR\u015eI OY<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  Davac\u0131 e\u015f TMK 145. maddesine dayal\u0131 olarak mutlak butlan sebebiyle evlili\u011fin iptali istemi ile dava a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                  Mahkeme karar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esinde daval\u0131 hakk\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen 30.04.2014 tarihli Adli T\u0131p Kurumu raporuna g\u00f6re evlenme tarihi olan 13.06.2012 tarihinde fiil ehliyetinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda ise hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fczeldi\u011fi ve iyile\u015fti\u011fi hususlar\u0131n\u0131n belirtildi\u011fi ancak sulh hukuk mahkemesi karar\u0131 ile de a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere daval\u0131n\u0131n muzap oldu\u011fu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n remisyon d\u00f6neminde olmas\u0131 nedeniyle daval\u0131n\u0131n fiil ehliyetinin var olmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda dava tarihinde TMK\u2019n\u0131n 147\/2. maddesine g\u00f6re evlili\u011fin mutlan\u0131n\u0131n ancak daval\u0131 taraf\u00e7a iptalinin istenebilece\u011fi davac\u0131n\u0131n bu davay\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

                  H\u00fckm\u00fcn temyizi \u00fczerine \u00d6zel dairece bozma karar\u0131n\u0131n 1 nolu bendinde \u201cyap\u0131lan soru\u015fturma ve toplanan delillerle daval\u0131 …\u2019\u0131n Bipolar Affektif Bozukluk denilen ruhsal rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, evlenme tarihinde fiil ehliyetine haiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dava tarihinde ise hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n remisyonda oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n remisyon halinde olmas\u0131 iyile\u015fti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez. Bu nedenle evlili\u011fin iptaline karar verilmesi gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 gerek\u00e7e ile reddi do\u011fru olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d gerek\u00e7esi ile bozma karar\u0131 vermi\u015f. Mahkeme ise gerek 06.08.2014 tarihli Erciyes \u00dcniversitesi gerekse 30.04.2014 tarihli Adli T\u0131p Kurumu raporunda fiil ehliyetinin tam oldu\u011fu raporlar aras\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fki olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 daval\u0131 hakk\u0131nda vasi tayini gerekmedi\u011fi gibi iyile\u015fti\u011finin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gerek\u00e7eleri ile davan\u0131n reddi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden direnme karar\u0131 vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

                  TMK 145\/2-3 maddesine g\u00f6re e\u015flerden birisinin evlenme s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli bir sebeple ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcnde yoksun bulunmas\u0131 veya evlenmeye engel olacak \u015fekilde ak\u0131l hastas\u0131 olmas\u0131 evlili\u011fin mutlak butlanla sakatlar. Ancak ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn sonradan kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 veya ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 durumlar\u0131nda mutlak butlan davas\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sonradan kazanan veya ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyile\u015fen e\u015f a\u00e7abilir. Bu h\u00e2llerde dava hakk\u0131 sonradan iyile\u015fen e\u015fe aittir (TMK 147\/2).<\/p>\n

                  Somut olayda 30.04.2014 tarihli Adli T\u0131p raporunda daval\u0131n\u0131n 04.11.2013 tarihli muayenesi sonucu elde edilen bilgi ve bulgular\u0131n sonucunda Bipolar Affektif Bozukluk denilen ruhsal rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n halen remisyon iyilik) h\u00e2li saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Erciyes \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin 06.08.2014 tarihli Adli T\u0131p raporunda tan\u0131 \u201cBipolar Affektif Bozukluk (remisyonda) hafif derecede Mental Reterdasyon\u201d Bipolar Affektif bozuklu\u011fu, hafif zeka gerili\u011fi tan\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda 17.07.2014 tarihli polikinli\u011fin de, 06.08.2014 tarihinde ise psikiyatri heyeti taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan mental durum muayenesi, psikometrik testleri, kendisinden ve yak\u0131n\u0131ndan al\u0131nan anamnez bilgileri sonucunda da \u201cBipolar Affektif Bozukluk (Remisyonda) ve hafif derecede mental reterdasyon rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131na musap oldu\u011fu, vasiyet alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131na gerek olmamakla birlikte \u015fahsi hukuki dan\u0131\u015fman tayin edilmesinin yararl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131” t\u0131bbi kanaatine var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                  Bu rapora dayal\u0131 olarak Kayseri 3. Sulh Hukuk Mahkemesi 31.10.2014 tarihli ve 2014\/747 Esas 2014\/1447 say\u0131l\u0131 Karar ile vasi tayinine karar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. HMK\u2019n\u0131n 266. maddesi uyar\u0131nca \u00f6zel ve teknik bilgiyi gerektiren durumlarda mahkemenin bilirki\u015fiye ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 zorunludur. Veraset davas\u0131nda al\u0131nan raporda daval\u0131n\u0131n rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n vesayet alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmedi\u011fi, Adli T\u0131p Kurumunun 30.04.2014 tarihli raporunda da evlilik tarihinden sonra ruhsal rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n remisyon (iyilik) h\u00e2linin saptand\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlendi\u011fine g\u00f6re daval\u0131n\u0131n ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sonradan kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015fti\u011fi doktor raporlar\u0131 ile tespit edilmi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu h\u00e2lde TMK 147\/2 maddesinde belirtilen durum ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015f olmakla mutlak butlan davas\u0131n\u0131 davac\u0131 de\u011fil sadece daval\u0131 e\u015f a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n

                  Ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sonradan kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 veya ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 hususu tamamen \u00f6zel ve teknik bilgi gerektirdi\u011fi ve bu hususta al\u0131nan doktor raporlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu h\u00e2lde \u201chastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n remisyon halinde olmas\u0131 iyile\u015fmesi anlam\u0131na gelmez\u201d \u015feklindedir gerek\u00e7e ile bozma karar\u0131 verilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zel daire daval\u0131n\u0131n evlenmeden sonra da evlenmeye engel olacak derecede ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n devam etti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor ise bu konuda rapor al\u0131nmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir bozma karar\u0131 verebilirdi.<\/p>\n

                  Aksinin kabul\u00fc ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakalanan ki\u015filerin iyile\u015fmeyece\u011fi gibi b\u00f6yle bir \u00f6nyarg\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. Bu durum dosya aras\u0131nda mevcut bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi TMK 147\/2 maddesinin uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                  Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesinin 27.03.2014 tarihli 2013\/23497 Esas 2014\/7047 say\u0131l\u0131 emsal karar\u0131nda daval\u0131n\u0131n ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde olmas\u0131 ihtimal dahilinde oldu\u011fundan evlenmeye engel olacak derecede ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya evlenme s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli bir sebeple ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yoksun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, varsa hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n iyile\u015fmi\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda rapor al\u0131nmas\u0131, daval\u0131 iyile\u015fmi\u015f ise TMK 147\/2 maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fcne de nazaran al\u0131narak sonucuna karar verilmesi gerekti\u011finden bu husus \u00fczerinde durulmadan eksik inceleme ile h\u00fck\u00fcm kuruldu\u011fundan bahisle bozma karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir (Gen\u00e7can \u00d6mer U\u011fur, T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu yorumu 1.C., Ankara 2015 s.816).<\/p>\n

                  Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m nedenlerle mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n onanmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde oldu\u011fumdan \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lam\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

                  [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Hukuk Genel Kurulu Karar\u0131 2017\/2712 E., 2020\/988 K. \u00d6ZET: Bipolar duygu durum bozuklu\u011fu bulunan ki\u015finin, sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu rapor tarihinde hastal\u0131k halihaz\u0131r durumunun remisyonda (iyilik halinde) olmas\u0131, [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ictihat"],"yoast_head":"\nBipolar Duygudurum Bozuklu\u011fu Olan Ki\u015finin Rapor Tarihinde \u0130yilik Halinde Olmas\u0131 \u0130yile\u015fti\u011fi Anlam\u0131na Gelmez - Esmeray Hukuk B\u00fcrosu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Vesayet makam\u0131nca yap\u0131lacak i\u015f; elden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bankadan al\u0131nan krediler ile kalan malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlerinin ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferini tespit etmek sonucuna g\u00f6re T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun 406. maddesi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fup olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n; 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